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Table 2 Characteristics of the study participants adjusted for age and sex by tertile of each dietary pattern score a

From: Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population

 

Healthy Japanese dietary pattern

Animal food pattern

Westernized breakfast pattern

 

T1 (low)

T2

T3 (high)

Trend Pa

T1 (low)

T2

T3 (high)

Trend Pa

T1 (low)

T2

T3 (high)

Trend Pb

Number of subjects

154

153

153

 

154

153

153

 

154

153

153

 

Age (mean ± SE, year)

43.0 ± 0.8

44.2 ± 0.8

46.6 ± 0.9

<0.01

45.4 ± 0.7

44.6 ± 0.5

43.7 ± 0.7

0.13

47.1 ± 0.7

44.6 ± 0.4

42.0 ± 0.7

<0.01

BMI (mean ± SE, kg/m2)

22.8 ± 0.3

22.6 ± 0.3

22.9 ± 0.3

0.86

22.6 ±0.3

22.6 ±0.3

23.1 ± 0.3

0.23

27.7 ± 0.3

22.8 ± 0.3

22.8 ± 0.3

0.87

Workplace (A, %)

41.2

29.2

20.9

<0.01

18.7

30.9

41.4

<0.01

23.9

27.7

39.5

<0.01

Women (%)

9.5

34.7

73.5

<0.01

41.2

35.5

40.9

0.84

21.4

41.0

55.4

<0.01

Married (%)

72.6

76.5

78.9

0.18

73.5

80.8

73.5

0.97

77.5

74.3

76.1

0.86

Sedentary work (%)

80.9

87.5

80.3

0.74

76.3

85.8

86.7

0.01

88.0

81.1

79.6

0.04

Job position (low, %)

54.5

55.1

58.1

0.75

50.6

56.3

61.3

0.44

52.2

50.7

64.9

0.03

Non-occupational physical activityc (≥2 h/week, %)

23.8

29.1

38.9

0.03

30.3

25.2

36.0

0.11

28.7

36.7

25.9

0.49

Under medication for hypertension (%)

1.0

3.8

1.6

0.59

1.6

0.7

4.4

0.04

2.9

1.6

1.7

0.35

History of diabetes mellitus (%)

0.5

1.1

1.9

0.13

0.5

0.6

2.3

0.04

0.8

1.2

0.9

0.79

Current smoker (%)

24.7

15.4

13.9

0.01

17.7

18.6

16.2

0.79

27.0

19.6

7.4

<0.01

Dietary intake (mean ± SE)

            

Alcohol (g/day)

237 ± 4

151 ± 5

94 ± 4

0.07

168 ± 7

158 ± 6

157 ± 6

0.72

311 ± 7

134 ± 4

26 ± 2

<0.01

Energy (kcal/day)

1630 ± 43

1780 ± 39

1868 ± 43

<0.01

1765 ± 40

1757 ± 40

1755 ± 40

0.86

1701 ± 41

1825 ± 40

1752 ± 40

0.41

Salt (g/1000 kcal/day)

5.5 ± 0.1

5.6 ± 0.1

5.9 ± 0.1

<0.01

5.0 ± 0.1

5.6 ± 0.1

6.4 ± 0.1

<0.01

5.8 ± 0.1

5.6 ± 0.1

5.5 ± 0.1

0.03

Calcium intake (mg/1000 kcal/day)

222 ± 7

260 ± 6

305 ± 7

<0.01

225 ± 6

265 ± 6

296 ± 6

<0.01

238 ± 7

271 ± 7

277 ± 7

<0.01

Rice (g/1000 kcal/day)

188 ± 6

185 ± 6

167 ± 6

0.03

231 ± 4

178 ± 4

131 ± 4

<0.01

203 ± 5

193 ± 5

144 ± 5

<0.01

  1. Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; SE, standard error.
  2. aAll data are given as age- and sex-adjusted mean values or percentages. Mean age was sex-adjusted; percentage of women was age-adjusted.
  3. bOn the basis of general linear model, assigning ordinal numbers 1–3 to tertile categories of each dietary pattern.
  4. cPhysical activity was expressed as the sum of weekly hours spent for sport activity, as well as walking and cycling on commuting to and from work.
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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