Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 3 Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome and its components across tertile of major dietary pattern scores ^a

	Number of cases, n (%)	Healthy Japanese dietary pattern			Trend P^b	Animal food pattern			Trend P^b	Westernized breakfast pattern			Trend P^b
		T₁(low)	T₂	T₃(high)		T₁(low)	T₂	T₃(high)		T₁(low)	T₂	T₃(high)
Number of Subjects	460	154	153	153		154	153	153		154	153	153
Metabolic syndrome^c	59 (13)	1.00	1.43	1.35	0.43	1.00	1.03	1.54	0.25	1.00	0.50	0.39	0.02
Metabolic syndrome^c			(0.71 - 2.88)	(0.55 - 3.30)			(0.48 - 2.18)	(0.73 - 3.24)			(0.24 - 1.02)	(0.16 - 0.95)	0.02
Obesity component	114 (25)	1.00	1.05	1.20	0.59	1.00	0.82	0.94	0.85	1.00	0.97	0.89	0.72
Obesity component			(0.61 - 1.81)	(0.63 - 2.31)			(0.47 - 1.42)	(0.54 - 1.63)			(0.56 - 1.65)	(0.49 - 1.63)	0.72
High fasting blood glucose	90 (20)	1.00	0.66	0.67	0.26	1.00	1.48	2.08	0.03	1.00	0.65	0.58	0.09
High fasting blood glucose			(0.35 - 1.24)	(0.31 - 1.45)			(0.77 - 2.84)	(1.09 - 3.98)			(0.35 - 1.18)	(0.30 - 1.21)	0.09
High triglyceride	80 (17)	1.00	1.27	0.37	0.16	1.00	0.98	1.45	0.28	1.00	0.86	0.65	0.27
High triglyceride			(0.69 - 2.32)	(0.14 - 0.98)			(0.50 - 1.93)	(0.74 - 2.83)			(0.46 - 1.61)	(0.30 - 1.39)	0.27
Low HDL cholesterol	40 (9)	1.00	1.52	1.20	0.65	1.00	0.53	0.93	0.92	1.00	2.21	1.77	0.25
Low HDL cholesterol			(0.67 - 3.45)	(0.43 - 3.37)			(0.22 - 1.29)	(0.42 - 2.07)			(0.93 - 5.25)	(0.67 - 4.69)	0.25
High blood pressure	128 (28)	1.00	1.02	1.37	0.39	1.00	1.07	1.78	0.050	1.00	0.65	0.54	0.049
			(0.57 - 1.80)	(0.69 - 2.74)			(0.60 - 1.92)	(1.01 - 3.17)			(0.35 - 1.12)	(0.31 - 0.99)

^a Adjusted for age (year, continuous), sex, work place (A or B), occupational physical activity (sedentary or active work), job position (low or medium and high), marital status (married or unmarried), non-occupational physical activity (0, >0 to <2 hours/week or ≥2 hours/week), current smoking (yes or no).
^b Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, with ordinal numbers 1–3 assigned to tertile categories of each dietary pattern.
^c Metabolic syndrome is defined as presence of at least 3 of the following criteria.
Obesity component (BMI ≥25 kg/m²), high fasting blood glucose (≥100 mg/dl), high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dl), low-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (<40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women), high blood pressure; systolic blood pressure (SBP ≥ 130 mm Hg) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP ≥85 mm Hg).