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Table 3 Blood creatine kinase (CK), urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, free and total testosterone, and perceived recovery score (PRS) in participants performing a 12 week weight training regimen and supplemented with either a placebo or ATP. a

From: Effects of oral adenosine-5′-triphosphate supplementation on athletic performance, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery in resistance-trained men

   Week of Study  
  0 1 4 8 9 10 12 p-valueb
CK, IU/L         
Placebo 141 ± 12 582 ± 77 373 ± 13 246 ± 29 484 ± 52 528 ± 72 187 ± 21  
ATP 145 ± 8 500 ± 71 324 ± 14 234 ± 32 426 ± 44 449 ± 62 160 ± 20 0.91
24 h 3MH:Cr, μmol:mg        
Placebo 0.127 ± 0.007 0.130 ± 0.003 Nmc 0.123 ± 0.004 0.134 ± 0.005 0.152 ± 0.005 Nm  
ATP 0.136 ± 0.008 0.127 ± 0.007 Nm 0.143 ± 0.007# 0.143 ± 0.008 0.131 ± 0.012# Nm 0.007
CRP, mg/L         
Placebo 1.9 ± 0.7 1.1 ± 0.1 1.3 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.7 1.6 ± 0.7 1.2 ± 0.2 1.6 ± 0.4  
ATP 1.4 ± 0.4 1.1 ± 0.1 1.2 ± 0.2 1.9 ± 0.6 1.7 ± 0.6 1.1 ± 0.1 1.2 ± 0.2 0.99
Cortisol, μg/dL         
Placebo 19.7 ± 1.1 20.8 ± 1.3 19.0 ± 1.2 19.2 ± 0.4 22.0 ± 0.4 23.6 ± 0.3 20.3 ± 0.6  
ATP 20.9 ± 1.2 20.5 ± 1.3 18.4 ± 1.4 19.0 ± 0.4 21.5 ± 0.4 22.6 ± 0.2 19.7 ± 0.6 0.86
Free Testosterone, ng/dL         
Placebo 103 ± 13 112 ± 10 119 ± 6 111 ± 9 98 ± 6 100 ± 9 113 ± 12  
ATP 112 ± 13 114 ± 9 118 ± 6 117 ± 11 108 ± 7 110 ± 10 125 ± 13 0.93
Total Testosterone, ng/dL         
Placebo 591 ± 73 620 ± 58 625 ± 55 585 ± 58 551 ± 46 536 ± 88 605 ± 72  
ATP 660 ± 67 645 ± 54 695 ± 60 645 ± 60 621 ± 49 592 ± 84 673 ± 69 0.83
PRSd         
Placebo 9.1 ± 0.3 4.7 ± 0.4 7.0 ± 0.3 7.6 ± 0.2 4.8 ± 0.3 4.4 ± 0.3 7.6 ± 0.2  
ATP 9.6 ± 0.2 4.9 ± 0.4 7.5 ± 0.3 8.2 ± 0.3 5.5 ± 0.4 5.5 ± 0.4 8.6 ± 0.4 0.61
  1. aMean ± SEM for n = 11 ATP (400 mg ATP/d taken 30 min prior to exercise) and n = 10 placebo supplemented participants.
  2. bProbability of treatment by time difference between the placebo and the ATP treatments over the 12-week study. The mixed model in SAS® was used with the main effects of treatment, week and treatment by week, with the value for week 0 used as a covariate. The mixed model in SAS® was also used for 3MH:Cr: however, 3MH:Cr was measured only at weeks 0, 1, 8, 9, and 10. The model used these values with week 0 as a covariate for determining the overall treatment by time effect for 3MH:Cr.
  3. cNot measured.
  4. dPerceived recovery score is rated on the participants feeling of recovery from the last workout on a scale of 0-10. 0-2 indicates poor recovery and an anticipated decline in performance; 4-6 indicates low to moderate recovery and expected similar performance; and 8-10 indicates highly perceived recovery and expected increases in performance.
  5. #Significantly different than corresponding placebo, t-test (p < 0.05).
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