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Table 3 Characteristics of the participants and nutrient intakes related to arterial stiffness

From: Diet and cardiovascular health in asymptomatic normo- and mildly-to-moderately hypercholesterolemic participants – baseline data from the BLOOD FLOW intervention study

 

CAVI < 8 (n = 25)

CAVI 8–9 (n = 27)

CAVI > 9 (n = 36)

Men/women (n)

11/14

12/15

11/25

Age (y)

43.6 ± 1.9

48.2 ± 1.5

57.1 ± 1.0a,b

BMI (kg/m2)

24.8 ± 0.7

25.3 ± 0.8

25.3 ± 0.5

Waist circumference (cm)

86.9 ± 1.8

90.4 ± 2.4

89.0 ± 1.5

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

120 ± 2

117 ± 2

128 ± 2(a),b

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75 ± 1

73 ± 1

79 ± 1(b)

Blood glucose (mmol/l)

4.75 ± 0.09

4.96 ± 0.12

5.00 ± 0.09

hs-CRP (mmol/l)

0.74 ± 0.13

1.09 ± 0.17

1.14 ± 0.16

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.24 ± 0.20

5.44 ± 0.15

5.72 ± 0.14

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.26 ± 0.16

3.52 ± 0.16

3.70 ± 0.16

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.79 ± 0.09

1.71 ± 0.08

1.76 ± 0.08

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.77 ± 0.07

0.99 ± 0.10

1.00 ± 0.07

non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.45 ± 0.17

3.73 ± 0.17

3.96 ± 0.17

CAVI

7.34 ± 0.11

8.60 ± 0.05a

9.62 ± 0.09a,b

RHI

2.15 ± 0.13

2.10 ± 0.08

2.38 ± 0.09

Energy (MJ/d)

8.7 ± 0.4

7.9 ± 0.4

7.2 ± 0.3a

Protein (% of energy)

17.6 ± 0.8

17.5 ± 0.7

17.2 ± 0.5

Fat (% of energy)

33.2 ± 1.1

33.7 ± 1.4

35.1 ± 1.1

SFA (% of energy)

11.6 ± 0.6

10.9 ± 0.5

11.7 ± 0.6

MUFA (% of energy)

11.0 ± 0.5

11.7 ± 0.8

12.4 ± 0.5

PUFA (% of energy)

5.4 ± 0.3

5.6 ± 0.4

5.7 ± 0.3

Carbohydrates (% of energy)

42.2 ± 1.2

41.8 ± 1.5

40.9 ± 1.1

Alcohol (% of energy)

2.2 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.7

2.2 ± 0.5

Cholesterol (mg/d)

209.0 ± 16.9

214.3 ± 20.5

234.6 ± 16.6

Cholesterol (mg/MJ)

23.9 ± 1.4

26.8 ± 2.1

33.7 ± 2.7a

Fiber (g/d)

22.3 ± 1.4

21.7 ± 1.3

20.3 ± 1.1

Fiber (g/MJ)

2.6 ± 0.1

2.8 ± 0.2

2.9 ± 0.1

  1. Values shown are means ± SEM. BMI = body mass index; CAVI = cardio-ankle vascular index; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein; hs-CRP = high sensitive C-reactive protein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; RHI: reactive hyperemia index; SFA: saturated fatty acid
  2. CAVI < 8 depicts normal arterial stiffness; CAVI 8–9 depicts slightly elevated arterial stiffness; CAVI > 9 depicts markedly elevated arterial stiffness.
  3. n = 24/27/34 (CAVI < 8/8-9/>9) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, n = 25/27/36 for CAVI and n = 25/27/34 for RHI.
  4. ap < 0.05 from the participants with CAVI < 8 as analyzed by univariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. (a)p > 0.05 after adjustment for age, gender and the intakes of energy and cholesterol (mg/MJ) systolic blood pressure did not differ from the participants with CAVI < 8.
  5. bp < 0.05 from the participants with CAVI 8–9 as analyzed by univariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. (b)p > 0.05 after adjustment for age, gender and the intakes of energy and cholesterol (mg/MJ) diastolic blood pressure did not differ from the participants with CAVI 8–9.
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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