Figure 1

Homocysteine metabolic pathways. Abbreviations of the terms are as follows: MAT, methionine adenosyltransferase; COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase; SAHH, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; BHMT, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferases; MS, methionine synthase; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; SHMT, serine hydroxymethyltransferase; CBS, cystathionine β-synthase, CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; THF, tetrahydrofolate; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GGC, γ-glutamylcysteine; GCL, glutamate-cysteine ligase; GS, GSH synthase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase.