Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects by quintile (Q1–Q5) of total fat intake (adjusted for energy intake): 23,115 men and 35,557 women in the JACC Study, 1988-2009
| Â | Quintiles of total fat intake | Trend P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
Men (n = 23,115) | ||||||
n | 4,623 | 4,623 | 4,623 | 4,623 | 4,623 | Â |
Age at baseline, y | 54.9 ± 9.6 | 55.0 ± 9.7 | 55.9 ± 9.8 | 56.4 ± 10.1 | 57.7 ± 10.2 | <0.001 |
Total energy intake, kcal/d | 1,716 ± 478 | 1,763 ± 480 | 1,778 ± 479 | 1,752 ± 497 | 1,692 ± 490 | 0.009 |
Total fat intake, %E median (IQR) | 10.8 (9.4–11.9) | 13.9 (13.0–15.0) | 16.3 (15.2–17.5) | 18.8 (17.6–20.3) | 23.3 (21.3–25.8) | < 0.001 |
 SFA | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 4.1 (3.5–4.7) | 4.9 (4.3–5.6) | 5.8 (5.1–6.6) | 7.3 (6.4–8.4) | < 0.001 |
 MUFA | 3.3 (2.8–3.7) | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) | 5.0 (4.7–5.4) | 5.9 (5.4–6.4) | 7.4 (6.7–8.3) | < 0.001 |
 PUFA | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 3.3 (2.8–3.7) | 3.7 (3.3–4.2) | 4.2 (3.7–4.6) | 5.0 (4.4–5.6) | < 0.001 |
Protein intake, %E median (IQR) | 10.2 (9.3–11.1) | 11.9 (11.1–12.7) | 13.0 (12.2–13.9) | 14.2 (13.2–15.2) | 16.0 (14.8–17.5) | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate intake, %E median (IQR) | 64.2 (56.9–72.4) | 61.6 (54.4–68.4) | 59.4 (52.8–65.7) | 58.0 (51.5–62.9) | 53.2 (47.5–58.1) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.8 ± 3.2 | 22.7 ± 2.8 | 22.7 ± 2.7 | 22.7 ± 3.3 | 22.6 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 |
Weight, kg | 60.8 ± 8.8 | 60.9 ± 8.9 | 60.7 ± 8.7 | 60.5 ± 8.6 | 60.0 ± 8.7 | < 0.001 |
Sleep duration, h/d | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 7.4 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 0.93 |
College or higher education, % | 14.4 | 16.8 | 17.5 | 20.7 | 23.2 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
 Current drinkers, % | 81.2 | 79.1 | 77.4 | 72.8 | 64.7 | < 0.001 |
 Former drinkers, % | 4.1 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 9.6 | < 0.001 |
Smoking | ||||||
 Current smokers, % | 60.4 | 55.4 | 54.0 | 51.4 | 49.3 | < 0.001 |
 Former smokers, % | 22.1 | 25.4 | 25.8 | 25.7 | 26.0 | < 0.001 |
Vegetable consumption, g/d | 80.9 ± 46.6 | 101.5 ± 50.3 | 112.0 ± 52.3 | 123.8 ± 53.5 | 139.9 ± 57.4 | < 0.001 |
Fruit consumption, g/d | 75.0 ± 62.2 | 94.2 ± 66.0 | 104.8 ± 68.3 | 117.0 ± 69.2 | 128.9 ± 70.8 | < 0.001 |
Walking > = 1 h/d, % | 49.4 | 50.9 | 50.2 | 49.5 | 48.5 | 0.19 |
Women (n = 35,557) | ||||||
n | 7,111 | 7,112 | 7,111 | 7,112 | 7,111 | Â |
Age at baseline, y | 57.5 ± 10.0 | 56.4 ± 9.9 | 56.1 ± 9.9 | 55.7 ± 9.7 | 55.6 ± 9.8 | < 0.001 |
Total energy intake, kcal/d | 1,429 ± 400 | 1,447 ± 361 | 1,451 ± 326 | 1,463 ± 337 | 1,401 ± 376 | 0.002 |
Total fat intake, %E median (IQR) | 13.7 (11.9–15.0) | 17.6 (16.8–18.3) | 20.1 (19.5–20.7) | 22.6 (21.9–23.4) | 26.8 (25.3–28.9) | < 0.001 |
 SFA | 3.7 (3.1–4.4) | 5.2 (4.6–5.9) | 6.3 (5.6–6.8) | 7.1 (6.5–7.7) | 8.6 (7.7–9.7) | < 0.001 |
 MUFA | 4.2 (3.6–4.6) | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | 6.2 (6.0–6.6) | 7.1 (6.8–7.5) | 8.6 (8.0–9.3) | < 0.001 |
 PUFA | 3.2 (2.6–3.8) | 4.0 (3.5–4.5) | 4.4 (3.9–4.9) | 4.8 (4.3–5.3) | 5.5 (4.9–6.2) | < 0.001 |
Protein intake, %E median (IQR) | 12.3 (11.3–13.3) | 14.2 (13.4–15.1) | 15.3 (14.4–16.2) | 16.3 (15.4–17.3) | 17.9 (16.7–19.2) | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate intake, %E median (IQR) | 71.7 (69.7–74.2) | 66.6 (65.1–67.9) | 63.2 (61.8–64.4) | 59.8 (58.3–61.2) | 54.3 (51.1–56.6) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.1 ± 3.3 | 23.1 ± 4.5 | 22.9 ± 3.0 | 22.9 ± 3.0 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
Weight, kg | 52.4 ± 8.2 | 52.7 ± 7.9 | 52.6 ± 7.7 | 52.6 ± 7.5 | 52.4 ± 7.4 | 0.86 |
Sleep duration, h/d | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
College or higher education, % | 7.5 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 14.8 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
 Current drinkers, % | 21.5 | 23.2 | 23.1 | 24.0 | 25.1 | < 0.001 |
 Former drinkers, % | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 0.73 |
Smoking | ||||||
 Current smokers, % | 6.5 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.5 | < 0.001 |
 Former smokers, % | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.39 |
Vegetable consumption, g/d | 101.0 ± 50.7 | 118.5 ± 51.5 | 127.7 ± 52.4 | 137.6 ± 53.1 | 145.3 ± 54.9 | < 0.001 |
Fruit consumption, g/d | 112.6 ± 70.2 | 133.0 ± 68.9 | 140.7 ± 67.9 | 147.2 ± 67.2 | 149.7 ± 67.4 | < 0.001 |
Walking > = 1 h/d, % | 53.3 | 53.4 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 48.6 | < 0.001 |