Table 2 Hazard ratios (HRs) for total, cancer, cardiovascular, and other mortality by quintile (Q1–Q5) of energy-adjusted fat intake in men: the JACC Study, 1988-2009 (n = 23,115)
| Â | No. of deaths | HR (95% CI)1 | Trend P | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
Total fat | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 10.8 | 13.9 | 16.3 | 18.8 | 23.3 |  |
  Total mortality | 1,178 | 1,188 | 1,238 | 1,236 | 1,451 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 0.31 |
 Cancer mortality | 454 | 505 | 473 | 491 | 564 | 1.00 | 1.15 (1.01–1.30) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 0.12 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 311 | 302 | 339 | 315 | 398 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.84–1.16) | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.80 |
 Other mortality | 413 | 381 | 426 | 430 | 489 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) | 0.99 (0.85–1.14) | 0.87 |
SFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 3.0 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 7.3 |  |
  Total mortality | 1,323 | 1,246 | 1,226 | 1,230 | 1,266 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 0.54 |
 Cancer mortality | 527 | 478 | 469 | 494 | 519 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 0.45 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 343 | 336 | 363 | 302 | 321 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.30 |
 Other mortality | 453 | 432 | 394 | 434 | 426 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 0.97 (0.85–1.12) | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 0.32 |
MUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 3.3 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 7.4 |  |
 Total mortality | 1,235 | 1,156 | 1,226 | 1,237 | 1,437 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.99 |
 Cancer mortality | 477 | 469 | 498 | 481 | 562 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 0.35 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 332 | 301 | 315 | 324 | 393 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.87 (0.74–1.03) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 0.74 |
 Other mortality | 426 | 386 | 413 | 432 | 482 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.46 |
PUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 5.0 |  |
 Total mortality | 1,012 | 1,078 | 1,224 | 1,374 | 1,603 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.08 (0.98–1.18) | 1.08 (0.98–1.18) | 0.074 |
 Cancer mortality | 425 | 460 | 491 | 531 | 580 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.66 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 246 | 261 | 314 | 370 | 474 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | 0.044 |
 Other mortality | 341 | 357 | 419 | 473 | 549 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.87–1.18) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 1.08 (0.92–1.25) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 0.47 |
n-3 PUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 |  |
 Total mortality | 998 | 1,091 | 1,252 | 1,338 | 1,612 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 1.01 (0.93–1.11) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.21 |
 Cancer mortality | 420 | 434 | 491 | 538 | 604 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) | 0.42 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 254 | 271 | 315 | 378 | 447 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.77–1.09) | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.36 |
 Other mortality | 324 | 386 | 446 | 422 | 561 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.90–1.22) | 1.10 (0.95–1.28) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 0.65 |
n-6 PUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.5 |  |
  Total mortality | 1,023 | 1,090 | 1,236 | 1,340 | 1,602 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.94–1.12) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 0.022 |
 Cancer mortality | 440 | 472 | 494 | 501 | 580 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.72 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 245 | 251 | 326 | 376 | 467 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) | 1.14 (0.96–1.37) | 1.23 (1.03–1.47) | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | 0.015 |
 Other mortality | 338 | 367 | 416 | 463 | 555 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 0.21 |
PUFA to SFA (P/S) ratio | |||||||||||
 Median of P/S ratio |  |  |  |  |  | 0.49 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.91 | 1.17 |  |
 Total mortality | 944 | 1,206 | 1,243 | 1,333 | 1,565 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 1.09 (0.99–1.18) | 0.083 |
 Cancer mortality | 408 | 488 | 486 | 522 | 583 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.91–1.20) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | 0.72 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 192 | 336 | 333 | 358 | 446 | 1.00 | 1.38 (1.15–1.66) | 1.29 (1.07–1.55) | 1.38 (1.15–1.66) | 1.39 (1.16–1.66) | 0.011 |
 Other mortality | 344 | 382 | 424 | 453 | 536 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.27 |