Table 3 Hazard ratios (HRs) for total, cancer, cardiovascular, and other mortality by quintile (Q1–Q5) of energy-adjusted fat intake in women: the JACC Study, 1988-2009 (n = 35,557)
| Â | No. of deaths | HR (95% CI)1 | Trend P | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
Total fat | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 13.7 | 17.6 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 26.8 |  |
 Total mortality | 1,284 | 1,139 | 1,076 | 918 | 948 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.94–1.11) | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | 0.028 |
 Cancer mortality | 366 | 373 | 364 | 316 | 335 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.93–1.25) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 1.01 (0.87–1.19) | 0.68 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 430 | 371 | 356 | 278 | 293 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 0.87 (0.75–1.03) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.34 |
 Other mortality | 488 | 395 | 356 | 324 | 320 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.018 |
SFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 3.7 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 8.6 |  |
 Total mortality | 1,426 | 1,144 | 1,061 | 936 | 798 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.97 (0.90–1.06) | 0.91 (0.84–1.00) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.020 |
 Cancer mortality | 397 | 381 | 336 | 360 | 280 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 1.06 (0.92–1.24) | 0.92 (0.79–1.09) | 0.54 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 484 | 363 | 363 | 264 | 254 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | 1.07 (0.92–1.23) | 0.85 (0.72–0.99) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.46 |
 Other mortality | 545 | 400 | 362 | 312 | 264 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | 0.009 |
MUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 4.2 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 8.6 |  |
 Total mortality | 1,337 | 1,118 | 1,038 | 948 | 924 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 0.95 (0.88–1.04) | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | 0.012 |
 Cancer mortality | 374 | 371 | 363 | 320 | 326 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.91–1.22) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.56 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 453 | 359 | 334 | 293 | 289 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.32 |
 Other mortality | 510 | 388 | 341 | 335 | 309 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.82 (0.70–0.95) | 0.006 |
PUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 3.2 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.5 |  |
 Total mortality | 1,038 | 923 | 1,039 | 1,144 | 1,221 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | 0.029 |
 Cancer mortality | 343 | 306 | 352 | 380 | 373 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.86 (0.72–1.01) | 0.17 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 329 | 283 | 344 | 363 | 409 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.59 |
 Other mortality | 366 | 334 | 343 | 401 | 439 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 0.85 (0.73–1.00) | 0.061 |
n-3 PUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 |  |
 Total mortality | 943 | 973 | 1,088 | 1,075 | 1,276 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.95 (0.87–1.05) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.053 |
 Cancer mortality | 317 | 333 | 351 | 363 | 388 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 0.88 (0.74–1.04) | 0.092 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 298 | 296 | 388 | 337 | 408 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.77–1.07) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 0.36 |
 Other mortality | 328 | 344 | 349 | 375 | 480 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.87 (0.74–1.01) | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.42 |
n-6 PUFA | |||||||||||
 Median of intake, %E |  |  |  |  |  | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.0 |  |
 Total mortality | 1,003 | 922 | 1,000 | 1,181 | 1,249 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | 0.065 |
 Cancer mortality | 328 | 324 | 342 | 390 | 368 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 0.33 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 312 | 281 | 314 | 391 | 429 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.95 (0.81–1.13) | 0.92 |
 Other mortality | 363 | 317 | 344 | 400 | 452 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.032 |
PUFA to SFA (P/S) ratio | |||||||||||
 Median of P/S ratio |  |  |  |  |  | 0.48 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 1.12 |  |
 Total mortality | 736 | 860 | 1,070 | 1,170 | 1,529 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.40 |
 Cancer mortality | 286 | 303 | 340 | 421 | 404 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.77–1.07) | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 0.49 |
 Cardiovascular mortality | 207 | 270 | 367 | 342 | 542 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 1.12 (0.94–1.32) | 0.48 |
 Other mortality | 243 | 287 | 363 | 407 | 583 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 0.19 |