Figure 4
From: Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy
The nutritional supplementation prevents diabetes-induced mitochondrial damage in the retina. (a) Damage of mtDNA was evaluated by amplifying long (13.4 kb) and short (210 bp) regions by extended length PCR and conventional PCR respectively. (b) Gene expressions of ND1, ND6 and Cytb were quantified by real time PCR using β-actin as a housekeeping gene. Measurements were made at least in duplicate, and each value represents the mean ± SD from 6–8 rats/group. Nor = normal, Diab = Diabetes and Nutr = diabetic rats receiving the nutrients supplementation.*p < 0.05 compared to normal and #p < 0.05 compared to diabetes.