Figure 5
From: Beneficial effects of the nutritional supplements on the development of diabetic retinopathy
Diabetes-induced increase in the retinal inflammatory cytokines is prevented in rats receiving nutritional supplementation. Levels of (a) VEGF, (b) NF-k B and (c) IL-1β were quantified in the retina by using their specific ELISA kits. Each measurement was made in duplicate using retina from 5–6 rats in each of the four groups, and the values are represented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 and #p < 0.05 compared to normal and diabetes respectively.