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Figure 1 | Nutrition & Metabolism

Figure 1

From: Insulin induces a positive relationship between the rates of ATP and glycogen changes in isolated rat liver in presence of glucose; a 31P and 13C NMR study

Figure 1

Natural abundance 13C NMR spectra of two typical experiments at the beginning (A1 and B1) and after 115 min of perfusion (A2 and B2). A1 and A2 were 13C NMR spectra from a control rat perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer alone and B1 and B2 were 13C NMR spectra from rats perfused with both 30 mM glucose and insulin. Major resonances are assigned to (a,g) fatty acid, (b) C-1 glycogen, (c) glucose and glycogen (C-3β, C-5β glucose, glycogen; C-2 glucose, C-3α glucose; C2, C-5α glucose, C-5 glycogen; C-4αβ glucose, glycogen), (d) C-6 glucose, glycogen, (e) choline, (f) ethanolamine. Note the C-1 glycogen (b) decrease in the KHB group (A1 and A2) and the relative stability of the glycogen content of the liver during perfusion of both 30 mM glucose and insulin (B1 and B2).

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