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Table 3 Prospective Studies of Flavonoids and Cardiovascular Outcomes

From: Chocolate and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Author

Year

Study type

N, Population

Follow-up Years

Flavonoid Type

CHD/MI Incidence

CHD/MI Mortality

Stroke Mortality

Comments:

Hertog [125, 142]*, Keli [127]

1993, 1996

Prospective

552 to 806 Men, Dutch

5, then 10*

Total Flavonoids

↓

↓

↓

*Update 1997 analysis finds even stronger CHD association [142]

Knekt [131]

1996

Prospective

5133 M+W, Finland

26

Total Flavonoids

 

↓

  

Rimm [123]

1996

Prospective

34789 Men, USA

6

Total Flavonoids

Null

↓*

 

*marginal significance, if past history of CVD

Hertog [133]

1997

Prospective

1900 Men, UK

14

Total Flavonoids

Null

↑*

 

*marginal significance, *milk consumed w/tea

Yochum [130]

1999

Prospective

34492 PostM women, Iowa

10

Total Flavonoids

 

↓

Null

 

Hirvonen [126, 129]

2000, 2001

Prospective

23596 Men, Finland

6.1

Total Flavonoids

↓ MI

↓*

Null

*suggestive, but non-significant

Arts [143]

2001

Prospective

806 men, Dutch

10

Catechins (Flavonoid)

 

↓

Null

 

Arts [128]

2001

Prospective

34492 PostM women, Iowa

13

Catechins (Flavonoid)

 

↓

  

Geleinjse [122]

2002

Prospective

4807 M+W, Dutch

5.6

Total Tea Flavonoids

Null

↓

  

Knekt [132]

2002

Prospective

10054 M+W Finland

28

Specific flavonoids

 

↓

↓

also ↓ type 2 diabetes

Sesso [124]

2003

Prospective

38445 women, USA

6.9

Total Flavonoids

Null

Null

Null

 

META-ANALYSIS (updated)**

Total Flavonoids → CHD Mortality

RR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71–0.92)*

(extreme tertiles)

  1. **Updated meta-analysis includes: all studies of "total flavonoids" and CHD mortality; comparison of top vs. bottom tertile.