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Table 2 Comparison of Daily Food Intake among Ulaanbaatar (Group A and B), Murun and Japanese Subjects.

From: Investigation of oxidative stress and dietary habits in Mongolian people, compared to Japanese people

       

(g/day)

 

Ulaanbaatar

 

Murun

  

Japanese

 

Group A n = 142

Group B n = 114

1)

n = 164

2)

3)

n = 7,164

Rice

67.2 ± 50.4

50.5 ± 33.1

**

68.1 ± 55.5

 

***

369.4 ± 197.9

   Rice

57.1 ± 42.6

47.7 ± 30.9

*

66.1 ± 54.9

 

***

 

   Millet

3.4 ± 18.0

1.4 ± 4.8

 

0.0 ± 0.4

*

***

 

   Buckwheat

1.4 ± 3.6

0.6 ± 3.6

 

0.5 ± 2.2

*

  

   Farina

5.3 ± 16.7

0.9 ± 4.2

**

1.5 ± 6.3

*

  

Flour products

338.1 ± 140.0

308.9 ± 142.0

 

264.1 ± 117.5

***

**

102.9 ± 114.1

   White bread

102.7 ± 63.0

85.9 ± 61.0

*

69.3 ± 40.6

***

*

 

   Black bread

12.2 ± 23.7

2.5 ± 6.7

***

4.9 ± 11.8

***

*

 

   Barley flour

2.5 ± 5.6

4.1 ± 8.6

 

2.3 ± 6.2

   

   Black flour

5.7 ± 24.7

14.8 ± 35.1

*

7.8 ± 27.7

   

   Other flour

113.2 ± 72.5

100.9 ± 60.0

 

119.3 ± 86.3

 

*

 

   Noodle

20.2 ± 27.3

8.9 ± 10.9

***

19.6 ± 25.7

 

***

 

   Biscuits

23.4 ± 36.9

23.6 ± 34.4

 

27.8 ± 44.0

   

   Fried cake

37.7 ± 56.5

62.7 ± 77.3

**

13.0 ± 31.3

***

***

 

   Others

19.5 ± 42.2

5.9 ± 16.5

**

1.6 ± 7.8

***

*

 

Potatoes

94.9 ± 57.0

70.1 ± 50.0

***

59.1 ± 43.1

***

 

57.6 ± 70.7

Vegetables

226.2 ± 184.3

108.1 ± 83.3

***

72.2 ± 44.0

***

***

286.4 ± 170.9

   Carrot

27.4 ± 21.8

15.7 ± 15.0

***

14.3 ± 14.0

***

  

   Turnip

19.1 ± 22.8

13.2 ± 14.1

*

2.5 ± 7.5

***

***

 

   Green onion

13.8 ± 13.4

11.2 ± 6.9

 

22.7 ± 14.9

***

***

 

   Garlic

1.0 ± 1.7

0.4 ± 1.1

***

0.3 ± 0.7

***

  

   Cucumber

27.7 ± 39.2

6.0 ± 12.4

***

4.9 ± 10.5

***

  

   Tomato

30.7 ± 45.4

8.5 ± 20.5

***

2.8 ± 8.2

***

***

 

   Sugar beet turnip

4.6 ± 15.0

1.1 ± 3.6

*

0.0 ± 0.0

***

***

 

   Spinach

0.2 ± 0.8

0.1 ± 0.8

 

0.0 ± 0.1

*

  

   Lettuce

1.8 ± 8.0

0.3 ± 1.6

*

0.0 ± 0.2

**

  

   Pepper

11.8 ± 25.6

2.0 ± 6.7

***

0.4 ± 1.5

***

*

 

   Kelp

0.7 ± 2.4

1.0 ± 9.4

 

0.1 ± 0.4

**

  

   Cabbages

57.5 ± 53.3

39.5 ± 38.5

**

16.9 ± 20.4

***

***

 

   Mixed salad

24.5 ± 32.3

9.1 ± 14.7

***

6.5 ± 9.8

***

  

   Green vegetables

1.3 ± 3.7

0.0 ± 0.1

***

0.8 ± 4.0

 

*

 

   Other vegetables

4.4 ± 18.0

0.1 ± 1.2

*

0.0 ± 0.0

***

  

Eggs

15.5 ± 21.0

4.4 ± 7.8

***

4.3 ± 8.4

***

 

37.3 ± 37.1

Meat & Meat products

193.9 ± 100.3

168.5 ± 79.1

*

122.7 ± 71.1

***

***

84.3 ± 73.1

   Mutton

87.0 ± 59.0

87.9 ± 48.6

 

68.0 ± 59.2

***

***

 

   Beef

3.1 ± 11.9

3.2 ± 8.7

 

22.5 ± 35.3

***

***

 

   Goat

56.4 ± 51.6

47.2 ± 41.8

 

9.2 ± 24.2

***

***

 

   Chicken

1.7 ± 4.9

0.6 ± 2.6

*

0.2 ± 1.1

***

  

   Pork meat

9.0 ± 21.4

1.4 ± 5.9

***

0.0 ± 0.4

***

*

 

   Stomach

5.5 ± 13.8

11.2 ± 25.3

*

5.3 ± 14.6

 

*

 

   horse

3.5 ± 11.4

5.7 ± 12.1

 

11.6 ± 28.3

***

*

 

   Camel

0.3 ± 2.1

0.3 ± 1.4

   

*

 

   Sausage, Ham

27.1 ± 35.9

10.8 ± 17.1

***

6.6 ± 14.9

***

*

 

   Others

0.9 ± 5.4

0.2 ± 1.4a

 

0.0 ± 0.2

   

Fish

9.4 ± 18.2

4.6 ± 11.4

*

5.5 ± 15.6

*

 

90.9 ± 81.3

   Fresh fish

   

4.6 ± 15.5

***

***

 

   Canned products

4.1 ± 9.7

1.7 ± 8.6

 

0.8 ± 2.3

***

  

   Others

5.4 ± 14.5

3.3 ± 8.4

 

4.6 ± 15.5

***

***

 

Milk & Dairy products

280.0 ± 237.1

244.0 ± 208.7

 

430.1 ± 293.4

***

***

95.7 ± 131.2

   Cow

102.7 ± 132.8

121.8 ± 116.8

 

198.3 ± 212.5

***

***

 

   Dry milk

0.3 ± 2.3

0.4 ± 1.0

 

0.0 ± 0.0

 

***

 

   Others milks

6.6 ± 26.2

2.6 ± 13.9

 

73.1 ± 152.5

***

***

 

   Cream thin layer

8.9 ± 22.2

7.9 ± 30.3

 

8.6 ± 13.9

   

   Liquid yogurt

76.5 ± 82.2

51.6 ± 60.6

**

119.1 ± 114.7

***

***

 

   Cheese/Mongol/

3.7 ± 9.4

2.5 ± 5.5

 

2.6 ± 5.8

   

   Others cheese

2.2 ± 5.6

0.2 ± 0.7

***

0.1 ± 0.3

***

  

   Dried milk curds

16.2 ± 34.6

10.2 ± 19.5

 

12.2 ± 17.3

   

   Koumiss

62.7 ± 131.0

47.7 ± 111.6

 

16.6 ± 43.1

***

***

 

   Others

0.2 ± 1.1

0.1 ± 0.5

 

2.2 ± 20.4

   

Fruits

152.5 ± 179.8

59.4 ± 86.1

***

29.5 ± 71.0

***

***

101.4 ± 127.3

   Apple

69.0 ± 81.1

34.5 ± 48.4

***

22.0 ± 55.0

***

*

 

   Orange & Lemon

7.3 ± 18.0

2.9 ± 14.1

*

0.7 ± 2.5

***

  

   Grapes

14.3 ± 33.5

6.0 ± 14.2

*

1.6 ± 6.4

***

***

 

   Banana

25.8 ± 50.1

6.5 ± 17.6

***

0.4 ± 3.0

***

***

 

   Other planted Fruits

20.7 ± 57.9

3.7 ± 10.3

**

2.4 ± 10.1

***

  

   Wild fruit's

15.9 ± 31.9

7.0 ± 15.6

**

2.4 ± 16.2

***

*

 

Fat

28.0 ± 28.8

33.7 ± 32.0

 

31.1 ± 21.5

  

11.2 ± 9.8

   Butter

10.0 ± 19.2

10.6 ± 21.9

 

12.4 ± 15.5

   

   Vegetqable oil

14.1 ± 15.5

13.7 ± 13.5

 

14.5 ± 12.0

   

   Animal oil

1.1 ± 3.3

5.0 ± 10.3

***

4.1 ± 10.3

***

  

   Melted butter

2.8 ± 7.4

4.3 ± 10.0

 

0.8 ± 3.1

***

***

 

   Others/marmot

0.0 ± 0.2

0.2 ± 1.9

 

0.0 ± 0.0

   

Sweets

17.1 ± 42.7

14.5 ± 26.7

 

14.7 ± 23.1

  

23.9 ± 47.6

   Chocolate

9.0 ± 28.3

5.6 ± 12.3

 

4.5 ± 8.1

   

   Others

8.0 ± 27.2

9.0 ± 18.0

 

10.5 ± 18.0

   

Seasoning

21.5 ± 17.5

18.9 ± 15.6

 

23.6 ± 16.9

 

*

103.7 ± 98.7

   Vinegar

2.2 ± 3.8

1.3 ± 2.7

*

0.2 ± 1.0

***

***

 

   Ketchup, Soy sauce

3.8 ± 5.6

2.2 ± 4.0

*

2.1 ± 3.8

***

  

   Sugar

11.6 ± 15.7

9.6 ± 10.9

 

13.2 ± 14.9

 

*

 

   Salt

3.2 ± 1.9

5.9 ± 9.9

**

8.4 ± 4.3

***

*

 

   Others

0.8 ± 1.7

0.1 ± 0.4

***

0.2 ± 0.9

***

  

Soft & Alcohol drinks

899.9 ± 406.0

827.0 ± 466.4

 

957.2 ± 519.2

 

*

684.3 ± 509.2

   Green tea

329.7 ± 241.7

459.0 ± 337.3

***

388.5 ± 233.7

*

  

   Black tea

133.4 ± 161.4

37.7 ± 85.7

***

82.8 ± 242.2

*

*

 

   Coffee

54.3 ± 82.7

23.0 ± 59.4

***

9.4 ± 25.6

**

***

 

   Soft drinks

87.0 ± 136.3

78.9 ± 127.4

 

102.0 ± 126.7

   

   Juice

50.5 ± 85.4

18.5 ± 34.8

***

8.8 ± 12.1

***

***

 

   Vodka

8.5 ± 17.4

9.7 ± 20.2

 

14.5 ± 19.4

*

**

 

   Beer and vine

31.7 ± 81.4

12.9 ± 30.4

*

5.4 ± 11.2

**

***

 

   Milk tea

203.7 ± 125.2

187.7 ± 245.2

 

329 ± 270.7

***

***

 
  1. Ulaanbaatar: Investigation was performed in 2002.
  2. Japanese: in The National Health and Nutrition Survay in Japan, 2003, reported by Ministsry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (ages of the subjects : 20–69 yrs)
  3. 1) : significance between Group A and Group B, 2) : between Group A and Murun, 3) : between Group B and Murun. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** < p0.001.