Bouchard et al./Tremblay et al. [22, 30]
|
24 males (12 twin pairs) normal weight
|
84 d metabolic unit
|
+ 4.2 MJ/d 15% P, 35% F, 50% CHO
|
RMR, DIT
|
yes
|
8.1 ± 2.4 kg
|
ΔRMR 0.69 ± 0.60 MJ/d
|
44
|
no
|
Dallosso and James [41]
|
8 males normal weight
|
7 d metabolic unit
|
150% base 50% F
|
TEE, SMR, BMR
|
low or high exercise
|
1.2 ± 0.5 kg
|
ΔTEE 5.6% (low), 6.4% (high)
|
39
|
yes
|
Diaz et al. [4]
|
6 males normal/overweight
|
42 d metabolic unit
|
150% base 12% P, 42% F, 46% CHO
|
ADMR, TEE, BMR
|
no
|
7.6 ± 1.6 kg
|
ΔBMR 0.9 ± 0.4, ΔDIT + AEE 0.9 ± 2.1 MJ/d
|
35
|
no
|
Forbes et al. [23]
|
2 males, 13 females normal weight
|
17–21 d metabolic unit
|
total 79–159 MJ; 15% P, 45–50% F, 45–50% CHO
|
BMR
|
no
|
4.4 ± 0.6 kg
|
ΔBMR 0.49 ± 0.46 MJ/d
|
28
|
no
|
Glick et al. [40]
|
8 females normal/overweight
|
5 d metabolic unit
|
+ 9.5 MJ/d 13% P, 38% F, 50% CHO
|
O2-consump. during rest and exercise
|
yes
|
1.8 ± 0.3 kg
|
no
|
26
|
no
|
Horton et al. [14]
|
16 males normal weight/obese
|
14 d
|
+ 50% base entirely F or CHO
|
TEE
|
no
|
2.7 kg
|
ΔTEE 0.9 (CHO) MJ/d
|
CHO 90 F 100
|
no
|
Jebb et al. [24]
|
3 males normal weight
|
12 d respiration chamber
|
133% base 15% P, 35% F, 50% CHO
|
TEE, BMR
|
yes
|
2.9 kg
|
ΔBMR 0.42 MJ/d ΔTEE 0.75 MJ/d
| |
no
|
Joosen et al. [19]
|
14 females normal weight
|
14 d outpatients
|
150% base 7% P, 40% F, 53% CHO
|
ADMR, BMR, PA
|
no
|
1.5 ± 0.9 kg
|
ΔBMR 0.38 ± 0.47 MJ/d
|
54
|
no
|
Lammert et al. [20]
|
20 males normal weight
|
21 d metabolic unit
|
+ 5 MJ/d high F or high CHO
|
SMR
|
pairs according to habitual PA
|
1.5 kg
|
no
|
CHO 87 F 64
|
no
|
Levine et al. [25]
|
12 males, 4 females normal weight
|
56 d outpatients
|
+ 4.2 MJ/d 20% P, 40% F, 40% CHO
|
ADMR, BMR, DIT, NEAT, PA
|
volitional exercise constant and low
|
4.7 ± 1.8 kg
|
ΔBMR 0.33 ± 0.53 ΔDIT 0.58 ± 0.35, ΔNEAT 1.38 ± 1.08 MJ/d
|
50
|
yes
|
Norgan and Durnin [36]
|
6 males normal weight
|
42 d metabolic unit
|
+ 6.2 MJ/d 12% P, 33% F, 38% CHO, 7% alcohol
|
resting and mobile activities
|
sedentary (leisure) activities
|
6.0 ± 1.8 kg
|
no
|
43
|
no
|
Pasquet et al. [26]
|
9 males normal weight
|
61–65 d 'Guru Walla'
|
total 955 ± 252 MJ; 15% P, 15% F, 70% CHO
|
ADMR, RMR, ppRMR, PA
|
no
|
17 ± 4 kg
|
ΔRMR 44 ± 10, ΔppRMR 26 ± 12, ΔPA -40 ± 21%
|
56
|
yes
|
Ravussin et al. [27]
|
5 males normal weight
|
9 d outpatients
|
160% base 15% P, 39% F, 46% CHO
|
TEE, BMR, DIT, PA
|
-
|
3.2 ± 0.3 kg
|
ΔSMR 1.05, ΔBMR 0.62, ΔDIT 0.58 MJ/d
|
23
|
no
|
Roberts et al. [28]
|
7 males normal weight
|
21 d outpatients
|
+ 4.2 MJ/d 10% P, 40% F, 50% CHO, 0.2% alcohol
|
ADMR, RMR, DIT, PA
|
no
|
2.5 ± 3 kg
|
ΔRMR 0.63 ± 0.20 MJ/d
|
36
|
no
|
Webb and Annis [21]
|
6 males, 6 females normal/overweight
|
30 d outpatients
|
+ 4.2 MJ/d high P+F, high CHO or average
|
TEE
|
yes
|
2.7 kg (average, CHO) 1.8 kg (P+F)
|
ΔTEE 7.4%
|
P+F 72 CHO 46 average 47
|
yes
|
Zed and James [29]
|
16 females normal weight/obese
|
6 d metabolic unit
|
+ 4.3 MJ/d entirely F
|
TEE, SMR, BMR, DIT
|
-
|
1 kg
|
ΔBMR 9.4% (lean)
|
78 (normal weight only)
|
yes
|