From: Effect of diet and omega-3 fatty acid intervention on asymmetric dimethylarginine
No Diet Intervention | Diet Intervention | Placebo (corn oil) | n-3 PUFA | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (n = 279) | 36 Months (n = 241) | Baseline (n = 279) | 36 Months (n = 244) | Baseline (n = 281) | 36 Months (n = 239) | Baseline (n = 282) | 36 Months (n = 248) | p1 | p2 | |
ADMA (μM) | 1.42 (1.11, 1.75) | 1.41 (1.14, 1.78) | 1.38 (1.15, 1.76) | 1.40 (1.12, 1.77) | 1.38 (1.10, 1.77) | 1.39 (1.14, 1.80) | 1.39 (1.16, 1.75) | 1.42 (1.13, 1.76) | 0.62 | 0.93 |
SDMA (μM) | 0.23 (0.17, 0.33) | 0.26 (0.17, 0.38)* | 0.23 (0.16, 0.34) | 0.26 (0.17, 0.39) | 0.22 (0.16, 0.33) | 0.26 (0.18, 0.38) | 0.23 (0.17, 0.34) | 0.26 (0.17, 0.39) | 0.24 | 0.71 |
L-arginine (μM) | 85 (76, 97) | 85 (76, 94) | 86 (76, 98) | 86 (75, 99) | 87 (76, 97) | 84 (75, 95) † | 85 (77, 97) | 88 (76, 97) | 0.80 | <0.05 |
L-arg/ADMA | 62 (48, 76) | 59 (47, 77) | 61 (49, 78) | 61 (49, 80) | 62 (49, 78) | 60 (47, 77) | 62 (48, 77) | 61 (49, 80) | 0.97 | 0.32 |
Nitrate/nitrite (μM) | 26.2 (22.0, 34.4) | 27.6 (21.7, 34.3) | 25.9 (21.5, 35.2) | 26.4 (21.7, 34.4) | 25.5 (21.6, 36.1) | 27.3 (21.5, 34.8) | 27.4 (21.9, 34.3) | 27.1 (21.9, 34.2) | 0.99 | 0.65 |
oxLDL-C (U/L) | 68 (57, 80) | 61 (47, 74) ‡ | 65 (53, 84) | 59 (48, 75) ‡ | 65 (54, 82) | 60 (47, 74) ‡ | 69 (55, 82) | 60 (49, 74) ‡ | 0.49 | 0.25 |
TBARS (μmol/L) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.68) | 1.28 (0.96, 1.76) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.20 (0.88, 1.60) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.28 (0.96, 1.68) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.68) | 1.20 (0.88, 1.68) | 0.75 | 0.73 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 (5.3, 6.3) | 5.5 (5.0, 6.1) † | 5.6 (5.3, 6.2) | 5.4 (5.0, 5.9) ‡ | 5.6 (5.3, 6.3) | 5.5 (5.0, 6.1) ‡ | 5.6 (5.2, 6.1) | 5.5 (5.0, 6.0) ‡ | 0.08 | 0.75 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6 (5.3, 5.9) | 5.7 (5.5, 6.1) ‡ | 5.6 (5.3, 5.8) | 5.7 (5.5, 5.9) ‡ | 5.6 (5.4, 5.9) | 5.7 (5.5, 6.1) ‡ | 5.5 (5.3, 5.8) | 5.7 (5.5, 5.9) ‡ | 0.41 | 0.31 |
Insulin (pmol/L) | 112 (92, 153) | 109 (85, 139) ‡ | 121 (94, 154) | 105 (83, 131) ‡ | 120 (94, 155) | 109 (87, 143) ‡ | 113 (92, 152) | 103 (79, 131) ‡ | 0.28 | 0.35 |
HOMA score | 4.0 (3.0, 5.7) | 3.7 (2.8, 5.0) ‡ | 4.3 (3.2, 5.5) | 3.6 (2.7, 4.7) ‡ | 4.3 (3.3, 5.8) | 3.7 (2.9, 5.3) ‡ | 4.0 (3.0, 5.6) | 3.5 (2.7, 4.6) ‡ | 0.16 | 0.40 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 88 (80, 96) | 96 (89, 109) ‡ | 88 (81, 99) | 97 (89, 109) ‡ | 88 (80, 96) | 96 (87, 106) ‡ | 88 (81, 98) | 97 (89, 110) ‡ | <0.05 | 0.21 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 (24.3, 28.7) | 26.6 (24.6, 29.3) | 26.5 (24.0, 28.5) | 26.2 (23.8, 28.7) | 26.6 (23.9, 28.8) | 26.8 (24.3, 29.3) | 26.4 (24.2, 28.4) | 26.3 (24.3, 28.4) | <0.05 | 0.071 |
SBP (mmHg) | 149 (134, 160) | 143 (132, 156) ‡ | 147 (137, 161) | 142 (128, 154) ‡ | 148 (134, 161) | 142 (129, 156) ‡ | 148 (138, 160) | 142 (131, 154) ‡ | 0.40 | 0.48 |
DBP (mmHg) | 83 (76, 91) | 79 (72, 87) ‡ | 84 (77, 91) | 78 (70, 86) ‡ | 84 (77, 91) | 78 (70, 87) ‡ | 84 (77, 91) | 78 (71, 86) ‡ | 0.09 | 0.40 |