Comparison of isocaloric very low carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/low saturated fat diets on body composition and cardiovascular risk

Table 6 24 hour urinary excretion of Calcium, Sodium, Potassium and Crosslinks before and after weight loss¹

	VLCARB		VLF		HUF
	Baseline	12 weeks	Baseline	12 Weeks	Baseline	12 Weeks
Calcium² mmol/24 hr	4.9 ± 0.5	6.1 ± 0.6^a	4.3 ± 0.4	3.6 ± 0.4^b,c	4.3 ± 0.6	3.8 ± 0.5^a,c
Sodium³ mmol/24 hr	172.7 ± 16.2	163.6 ± 15.2	173.9 ± 10.6	168.3 ± 13.1	175.4 ± 16.5	141.6 ± 11.9
Potassium⁴ mmol/24 hr	80.0 ± 4.8	65.2 ± 3.9^a	83.2 ± 5.7	98.1 ± 5.8^b,c	77.8 ± 5.9	74.3 ± 5.0^a,c
Deoxypyridinoline:creatinine⁵ nmol/mmol	18.0 ± 1.0	20.5 ± 1.6	21.2 ± 1.5	23.1 ± 1.5	19.4 ± 1.1	22.4 ± 1.2
Pyridinoline:creatinine⁵ nmol/mmol	64.5 ± 3.0	73.3 ± 4.2	71.9 ± 5.3	83.9 ± 5.7	67.0 ± 2.9	77.1 ± 3.0

¹ Mean ± SEM
² Main effect of diet p = 0.025 using repeated measures ANOVA. Variables with different superscripts are significantly different using Tukey's test for post hoc analysis (P < 0.05).
³ No significant effect of time or diet using repeated measures ANOVA
⁴ Main effect of diet P < 0.001. Variables with different superscripts are significantly different using Tukey's test for post hoc analysis (P < 0.05).
⁵ Main effect of time using repeated measures ANOVA P < 0.0001
VLCARB = very low carbohydrate diet (n = 24) VLF = very low fat diet (n = 22) HUF = high unsaturated fat (n = 21)

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