|
Nissen et al. [36]
|
Untrained
|
0, 1.5, or 3 g/day for 7 weeks
|
CK & 3-MH decreased, dose dependent
|
Greater Total weight lifted, dose dependent
|
Greater LBM, dose dependent
|
|
Van Someren et al. [32, 37]
|
Untrained
|
3 grams of HMB and .3 grams of KIC, prior to a single bout eccentric exercise
|
CK down
|
Greater 1-RM bicep curl and ROM, lower DOMS
|
NR
|
|
Jowko et al. [18]
|
40 M, untrained
|
P, 3 gram HMB, HMB &creatine, or creatine
|
Only HMB lowered CK, urine urea nitrogen, and plasma urea
|
HMB & creatine additive effect on weight lifted
|
HMB & creatine additive effect on LBM
|
|
Gallagher et al. [19, 93]
|
37 M, untrained
|
P, 38 or 76 mg/kg for 8 weeks
|
CK, no effect on lipid profile, immune system, or renal function
|
Greater Isokinetic & Isometric torque, independent of dose.
|
Greater LBM, no effect on FML, independent of dose
|
|
Nissen et al. [28]
|
40 M, trained and untrained
|
P or 3 g/day for 4 weeks
|
NR
|
Greater bench press 1-RM
|
Increase in LBM and FML
|
|
Panton et al. [38]
|
36 F, 39 M, varying training experiences
|
P or 3 g/d for 4 weeks
|
NR
|
Greater upper body strength
|
Greater LBM & FML.
|
|
Thomson [39]
|
34 experienced weight lifters
|
P or 3 g/d for 9 weeks
|
NR
|
Greater leg extension strength
|
NR
|
|
Neighbors et al. [40]
|
Experienced collegiate football players
|
P or 3 g/d
|
NR
|
NR
|
Greater LBM and FML
|
|
Nissen & Sharp [41]
|
Meta-analysis, 9 studies
|
P or 3 g/day
|
NR
|
.28% greater weekly strength
|
1.4% greater weekly LBM
|
|
Nissen et al. [63]
|
37 F
|
P or 3 g/day for 4 weeks
|
No effect
|
Greater Bench Press 1-RM
|
Greater LBM
|
|
Vukovich and Geri [42], Vukovich and Adams [43]
|
8 experienced cyclists
|
3 g/day HMB, leucine, or P, 2 weeks for each supplement.
|
NR
|
HMB increased time to reach VO2 peak, and VO2 at OBLA.
|
NR
|
|
Knitter et al. [17]
|
16 F & M, experienced long distance runners
|
P or 3 g/day prior to 20 KM run.
|
Lower LDH and CK.
|
NR
|
NR
|
|
Byrd et al. [44]
|
28 active M
|
P or 3/g HMB or creatine daily prior to downhill run
|
NR
|
HMB lowered soreness.
|
NR
|
|
Vukovich et al. [29]
|
31 untrained M & F
|
P or 3 g/day for 8 weeks
|
NR
|
Greater upper and lower body strength
|
Greater FML, no effect on LBM.
|
|
Vukovich et al. [46]
|
31 elderly M & F
|
P or 3 g/day for 8 weeks
|
NR
|
Greater Leg strength
|
Greater FML, trend for LBM (P > .06)
|
|
Flakoll et al. [45]
|
50 elderly F
|
P or 2 g of HMB, 5 g of arginine, and 1.5 g of lysine daily.
|
Greater protein synthesis
|
Greater functional mobility, leg and handgrip strength.
|
Trend FML (P=.08)
|
|
Panton et al. [47]
|
35 elderly M & F
|
P or HMB for 8 weeks
|
NR
|
Greater Functional mobility
|
No effect
|
|
Soares et al. [48]
|
Adult mice
|
HMB prior to hind limb immobilization
|
NR
|
NR
|
Less fiber damage, greater fiber diameter.
|
|
Cohen [51]
|
Dieting humans, in negative energy balance
|
3 g/day of HMB
|
NR
|
NR
|
Greater maintenance LBM
|
|
Coelho and Carvalho [52]
|
12 elderly M
|
3 g/day of HMB for 4 weeks
|
Lower LDL-C
|
Greater weight lifting strength
|
Greater LBM
|
