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Table 4 Changes in body composition from PRE to POST ( x ¯ ± SE).

From: Minimal nutrition intervention with high-protein/low-carbohydrate and low-fat, nutrient-dense food supplement improves body composition and exercise benefits in overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial

 

PRE

POST

CHANGE

Body Mass (kg)*

   

   CON

78.2 ± 5.0

77.9 ± 5.0

-0.3 ± 0.5

   EX

82.3 ± 4.1

82.0 ± 4.0

-0.3 ± 0.5

   EXFS

84.7 ± 5.5

82.9 ± 5.2

-1.8 ± 1.0

Fat Mass (kg)**

   

   CON

22.6 ± 2.0

22.2 ± 2.0

-0.4 ± 0.4

   EX

23.9 ± 2.2

22.8 ± 2.9

-1.1 ± 0.4a

   EXFS

28.9 ± 2.3

26.2 ± 2.3

-2.7 ± 0.4a,b,c

% Body Fat**

   

   CON

28.9 ± 2.4

28.5 ± 2.6

-0.4 ± 0.4

   EX

29.0 ± 2.2

27.8 ± 2.3

-1.2 ± 0.4a

   EXFS

34.1 ± 1.3

31.6 ± 1.4

-2.5 ± 0.4a,b,c

Fat-Free Mass (kg)*

   

   CON

55.6 ± 4.3

55.7 ± 4.4

0.10 ± 0.3

   EX

58.4 ± 3.5

59.2 ± 3.7

0.80 ± 0.6

   EXFS

55.8 ± 3.5

56.7 ± 3.4

0.90 ± 0.5

Muscle Mass (kg)**

   

   CON

26.8 ± 2.5

26.8 ± 2.6

0.0 ± 0.1

   EX

28.1 ± 2.2

28.4 ± 2.3

0.3 ± 0.2

   EXFS

26.5 ± 2.1

27.1 ± 2.1

0.6 ± 0.1a,b

  1. CON = control; EX = exercise only; EXFS = exercise + food supplement. *Main effect for time (p ≤ 0.05); **Group-by-Time interaction (p ≤ 0.05). aDifferent from PRE (p ≤ 0.017); bDifferent from CON (p ≤ 0.05); cDifferent from EX (p ≤ 0.05).