Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 6 Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness from PRE to POST ( $\bar{x}$ ± SE).

From: Minimal nutrition intervention with high-protein/low-carbohydrate and low-fat, nutrient-dense food supplement improves body composition and exercise benefits in overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial

	PRE	POST	CHANGE
VO₂max (ml·kg^-1·min^-1)**
CON	36.8 ± 2.1	36.9 ± 2.0	0.1 ± 0.5
EX	35.7 ± 2.7	37.5 ± 2.4	1.8 ± 0.6^a
EXFS	32.9 ± 1.9	35.5 ± 1.8	2.6 ± 0.4^a
VO₂ (L·min^-1)*
CON	2.87 ± 0.25	2.88 ± 0.25	0.01 ± 0.01
EX	2.87 ± 0.23	3.00 ± 0.82	0.13 ± 0.05
EXFS	2.76 ± 0.20	2.93 ± 0.21	0.17 ± 0.04^a
Minute Ventilation (L·min^-1)*
CON	79.4 ± 7.6	79.0 ± 6.0	0.4 ± 2.5
EX	83.3 ± 5.0	89.1 ± 5.5	5.8 ± 2.4^a
EXFS	83.7 ± 4.7	88.0 ± 5.1	4.3 ± 1.4^a
Maximum Heart Rate (bpm)*
CON	192.1 ± 2.7	190.9 ± 2.0	-1.2 ± 1.8
EX	190.6 ± 2.6	188.6 ± 2.8	-2.0 ± 1.3
EXFS	187.0 ± 6.2	184.6 ± 6.0	-2.4 ± 1.5
Time-to-Exhaustion (sec)**
CON	643.9 ± 44.8	653.0 ± 46.4	9.1 ± 13.4
EX	681.8 ± 62.0	748.6 ± 65.4	66.8 ± 13.8^a,b
EXFS	559.9 ± 46.8	678.6 ± 50.1	118.7 ± 14.3^a,b,c

Cardiorespiratory fitness, as assessed by graded treadmill test to exhaustion. CON = control; EX = exercise only; EXFS = exercise + food supplement. *Main effect for time (p ≤ 0.05); **Group-by-Time interaction (p ≤ 0.05). ^aDifferent from PRE (p ≤ 0.017). ^bDifferent from CON (p ≤ 0.05). ^cDifferent from EX (p ≤ 0.05).

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