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Table 1 Major biochemical actions of CLA on lipid metabolism.

From: Conjugated linoleic acids as functional food: an insight into their health benefits

Biochemical action

Experimental evidence

Ref

Preadipocyte proliferation

Inhibited proliferation

[49]

Preadipocyte differentiation

Human preadipocytes do not differentiate in the absence of a PPARγ ligand like CLA

[25]

Fatty acid oxidation

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity increased by dietary CLA

[28, 50]

Adipose tissue lipid synthesis

Inhibition of de novo lipogenesis through down regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase

[51]

Lipolysis

Increased lipolysis and decreased fat

[52]

Energy expenditure

Increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure by 10-CLA

[44]

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

Inhibition at protein or activity level, by post-translational modification

[15]

Plasma leptin

Decrease in serum leptin, a hormone regulating fat level

[26, 53]

Apotopsis

Induce apoptosis in adipocytes

[49]

Tumor necrosis factor-α

Increased expression of TNFα and low fat

[54]