Table 1 Characteristics of participating African-American Boys and Girls

Anthropometrics

Age (years)

10.72 (1.06)

10.53 (1.12)

ns

Pubertal stage (1-5)

2.24 (1.52)

3.42 (1.21)

0.001

Height (m)

1.48 (0.09)

1.50 (0.08)

ns

Weight (kg)

57.62 (18.11)

66.34 (14.23)

0.010

Body fat (%)

32.34 (9.02)

40.63 (7.70)

<0.001

BMI-z score

1.82 (0.51)

2.13(0.46)

0.005

WC (cm)

83.62 (15.51)

90.73 (12.63)

0.020

Biochemical parameters

TC (mmol/l)

4.23 (0.14)

4.43 (0.15)

ns

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.48 (0.03)

1.38 (0.12)

ns

LDL-C (mmol/l)

2.34 (0.21)

2.62 (0.33)

ns

IDL-C (mmol/l)

0.21(0.08)

0.24 (0.21)

ns

VLDL-C (mmol/l)

0.39 (0.03)

0.41(0.01)

ns

TG (mmol/l)

0.68 (0.16)

0.83 (0.23)

0.020

Insulin (μIU/ml)

8.01 (4.91)

13.06 (5.08)

0.001

HOMA-IR

1.71 (1.12)

3.20 (2.79)

0.001

NFFA (mEq/L)

25.72 (5.22)

28.93 (4.54)

0.005

ISI-FFA

0.41 (0.21)

0.21 (0.14)

<0.001

Blood Pressure

sBP (mm Hg)

105.94 (8.90)

104.32 (7.22)

ns

dBP (mm Hg)

61.73 (8.67)

62.25 (7.07)

ns

sBP-z score

0.03 (0.74)

-0.13 (0.75)

ns

dBP-z score

-0.06 (0.71)

-0.03 (0.67)

ns

Dietary variables

Total energy (kcal/day)

1805.03 (534.42)

1743.95 (593.91)

ns

Carbohydrate (g/day)

210.41 (64.62)

222.74 (77.50)

ns

Fat (g/day)

77.94 (27.72)

69.24 (29.75)

ns

Protein (g/day)

68.84 (22.01)

62.85 (21.92)

ns