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Table 1 Over-weight groups at baseline and at investigation end: composition, compliance and effects of training (IHMP) on diary reports and anthropometry.

From: Sustained self-regulation of energy intake. Loss of weight in overweight subjects. Maintenance of weight in normal-weight subjects

 

Control

Trained

 

Baseline

After 5 mo.

Baseline

After 5 mo.

Number of subjects and gender

13F + 8M

23F + 15M

Schooling1

11.1 ± 2.7

12.0 ± 3.0

Age 1

33.7 ± 14.4

36.7 ± 12.6

Subjects showing BG decrease 2

3/21 (14.3%)

24/38 (63.2%) ***,a

BG group mean pre-meal3

85.7 ± 9.0

89.3 ± 8.2 *,b

86.8 ± 8.7

78.8 ± 6.8 ***,a***,b

Subjects < 81.8 mg/dL4

8 (38.1%)

5 (33.8%)

12 (31.6%)

29 (76.3%) ***,a***,b

Vegetable intake5

246 ± 188

427 ± 263 **,b

274 ± 166

449 ± 218 ***,b

Fruit intake5

193 ± 155

173 ± 160

221 ± 122

266 ± 174

Energy intake6

1728 ± 551

1310 ± 532 **,b

1756 ± 585

1069 ± 487 ***,b

Diary BG SD7

8.9 ± 4.2

8.9 ± 3.8

9.6 ± 4.8

6.4 ± 3.6 **,a***,b

BMI8

29.1 ± 5.6

28.2 ± 5.6 *,b

28.7 ± 3.5

26.5 ± 3.5 **,a***,b

Weight9

76.1 ± 16.6

73.8 ± 16.2 *,b

78.0 ± 10.2

72.2 ± 10.1

Arm skinfold thickness10

25.4 ± 10.0

21.0 ± 7.6 **,b

25.8 ± 9.2

19.9 ± 7.7 ***,b

Leg skinfold thickness10

34.5 ± 13.0

29.7 ± 10.7 **,b

32.1 ± 12.6

25.1 ± 10.2 ***,b

  1. Values are expressed as means ± SD. 1, years at the beginning of the study. 2, Number of subjects who significantly decreased mean pre-meal diary BG . 3, Mean pre-meal of diary blood glucose, mg/dL, LBG = lower than 81.8 mg/dL. HBG = higher than 81.8 mg/dL 4, Number of subjects who fell into the LBG at end of the study. 5, grams/d. 6, Kcal/d. 7, Diary BG SD refers to the SD of 21 BG preprandial measurements reported in 7 d diary by each subject. 8, Body weight in kg/square height in meters. 9, kg. 10, mm. Asterisks indicate significant differences (Student’s t-test or Yates test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001) vs. respective control group values based on “post – pre” measurements (a), or vs. baseline values of the same group (b).