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Table 4 Proinflammatory plasma concentration with respect to tertiles (T)a of energy-adjusted fruit and vegetable consumption, fiber from fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary TAC (n = 120)

From: Fruit and vegetable consumption and proinflammatory gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in young adults: a translational study

Proinflammatory plasma concentration

Energy-adj. fruit and vegetable consumption

P for trend

 

T1

(<384 g/d)

T2

(384-660 g/d)

T3

(>660 g/d)

 

CRP (mg/l)

1.2 ± 0.8

1.1 ± 0.8

1.0 ± 0.7

0.027

Homocysteine (μmol/l)

15.0 ± 7.6

10.6 ± 3.2

10.0 ± 3.2

0.007

IL6 (pg/ml)

1.3 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.6

1.2 ± 0.8

0.480

TNFα (pg/ml)

2.3 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.5

1.6 ± 1.2

0.484

 

Energy-adj. fiber from fruits and vegetables

P for trend

 

T1

(<6.0 g/d)

T2

(6.0-19.5 g/d)

T3

(>19.5 g/d)

 

CRP (mg/l)

1.3 ± 0.7

1.1 ± 0.9

0.9 ± 0.7

0.024

Homocysteine (μmol/l)

14.4 ± 6.9

10.2 ± 2.6

9.8 ± 2.9

0.008

IL-6 (pg/ml)

1.5 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.6

1.2 ± 0.5

0.963

TNFα (pg/ml)

2.3 ± 2.8

2.2 ± 1.9

1.9 ± 1.8

0.017

 

Energy-adj. dietary TAC

P for trend

 

T1

(<5.3 mmol/d)

T2

(5.3-11.8 mmol/d)

T3

(>11.8 mmol/d)

 

CRP (mg/l)

1.3 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 0.9

1.1 ± 0.7

0.045

Homocysteine (μmol/l)

12.7 ± 5.9

11.4 ± 4.6

10.2 ± 3.3

0.088

IL-6 (pg/ml)

1.3 ± 1.0

1.4 ± 0.7

1.3 ± 0.7

0.393

TNFα (pg/ml)

2.1 ± 1.6

1.9 ± 1.8

1.7 ± 1.4

0.077

  1. a Tertile 1, n = 39; Tertile 2, n = 42; Tertile 3, n = 39.
  2. P for trend from linear regression model, adjusting for gender, age, BMI, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, systolic blood pressure and non-esterified fatty acid concentration. TAC, total antioxidant capacity; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL6, interleukin-6; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.