Table 1 Uptake and relative distribution percentages of astaxanthin in whole leukocytes and subcellular fractions in dogs fed 0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 10 or 40 mg astaxanthin daily for 15d
Treatment (mg astaxanthin/dog/d) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 10 | 40 | |
Day 4 | ||||||
Whole leukocyte (nmol astaxanthin/108 cells) | ||||||
nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 6.8 ± 1.7* | |
Subcellular fraction (% of whole leukocyte) | ||||||
Nuclei | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 49 |
Mitochondria | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Microsome | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 51 |
Cytosol | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Day 8 | ||||||
Whole leukocyte (nmol astaxanthin/108 cells) | ||||||
nd | nd | nd | nd | 7.1 ± 1.6* | 50.6 ± 11.7* | |
Subcellular fraction (% of whole leukocyte) | ||||||
Nuclei | nd | nd | nd | nd | 49 | 18 |
Mitochondria | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 50 |
Microsome | nd | nd | nd | nd | 51 | 26 |
Cytosol | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 6 |
Day 16 | ||||||
Whole leukocyte (nmol astaxanthin/108 cells) | ||||||
nd | nd | nd | 2.5 ± 0.6* | 21.8 ± 5.1* | 66.4 ± 15.4* | |
Subcellular fraction (% of whole leukocyte) | ||||||
Nuclei | nd | nd | nd | 45 | 16 | 22 |
Mitochondria | nd | nd | nd | nd | 35 | 43 |
Microsome | nd | nd | nd | 55 | 30 | 28 |
Cytosol | nd | nd | nd | nd | 19 | 7 |