A specific protein-enriched enteral formula decreases cortisolemia and improves plasma albumin and amino acid concentrations in elderly patients

Olza, Josune; Mesa, María D; Poyatos, Rafael M; Aguilera, Concepción M; Moreno-Torres, Rosario; Pérez, Milagros; Pérez de la Cruz, Antonio; Gil, Angel

doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-58

Table 5 Plasma amino acid concentrations and indexes at baseline and at 3 and 6 months in elderly patients exclusively receiving a protein-enriched enteral diet

From: A specific protein-enriched enteral formula decreases cortisolemia and improves plasma albumin and amino acid concentrations in elderly patients

Amino Acids (μmol/L)	0 mo	3 mo	6 mo	P*
Aliphatic amino acids
Alanine	317 ± 33^†	315 ± 39	342 ± 32	.607
Glycine	143 ± 18	183 ± 20	208 ± 18	.168
Branched-chain amino acids
Isoleucine	38 ± 4	41 ± 6	52 ± 3	.062
Leucine	68 ± 8^{a ‡}	57 ± 6^a	96 ± 6^b	.002
Valine	146 ± 22^ab	130 ± 12^a	178 ± 12^b	.007
Hydroxyl amino acids
Threonine	87 ± 10^a	132 ± 20^b	150 ± 17^b	.001
Serine	75 ± 7	77 ± 10	83 ± 7	.449
Sulfur amino acids
Taurine	7 ± 1^a	11 ± 3^b	102 ± 11^c	<.001
Cysteine	20 ± 5^a	25 ± 8^a	68 ± 6^b	<.001
Methionine	24 ± 7^a	59 ± 8^b	24 ± 1^a	.002
Acidic amino acids and amides
Glutamic Acid	47 ± 7	46 ± 8	46 ± 8	.766
Glutamine	454 ± 64^a	500 ± 102^a	968 ± 123^b	.001
Aspartic Acid	7 ± 1	7 ± 1	6 ± 1	.189
Asparagine	43 ± 8^a	21 ± 6^a	71 ± 6^b	.001
Aromatic amino acids
Phenylalanine	36 ± 5^a	37 ± 4^a	51 ± 3^b	.015
Tyrosine	40 ± 4^a	38 ± 4^a	56 ± 5^b	.017
Basic amino acids
Arginine	30 ± 4^a	44 ± 6^ab	54 ± 5^b	.005
Citrulline	31 ± 7^a	25 ± 5^a	46 ± 4^b	.006
Histidine	81 ± 14^a	130 ± 13^b	85 ± 5^a	.022
Lysine	86 ± 12	114 ± 16	91 ± 5	.189
Ornithine	77 ± 14	99 ± 21	83 ± 7	.549
Imino acids
Hydroxyproline	12 ± 2	14 ± 2	8 ± 1	.257
Proline	190 ± 25^a	128 ± 13^b	194 ± 21^a	.046
Amino Acid Indexes
NEAA/EAA	2.54 ± 0.14^a	2.34 ± 0.52^b	2.93 ± 0.20^a	.008
BCAA (μmol/L)	256 ± 32^a	228 ± 16^a	326 ± 21^b	.007
Alanine/Threonine	3.85 ± 0.40^a	3.93 ± 0.41^ab	2.56 ± 0.31^b	.017
Glycine/Valine	1.09 ± 0.15	2.12 ± 0.62	1.23 ± 0.12	.420
Alanine/Leucine	4.85 ± 0.40^a	5.78 ± 0.66^a	3.59 ± 0.27^b	.004
Alanine/BCAA	1.36 ± 0.15^ab	1.35 ± 0.13^a	1.05 ± 0.07^b	.017
Phenylalanine/Tyrosine	0.92 ± 0.07	1.00 ± 0.06	0.96 ± 0.05	.449
Cysteine/Methionine	1.46 ± 0.41^a	0.88 ± 0.40^a	2.80 ± 0.20^b	.001
H Index	2.25 ± 0.22	2.52 ± 0.21	1.98 ± 0.13	.071
Whitehead Index	2.66 ± 0.25^a	2.50 ± 0.35^a	4.15 ± 0.43^b	<.001

NEAA, nonessential amino acids; EAA, essential amino acids; BCAA, branched-chain amino acids; H Index, relationship between the sum of serine, glycine, and alanine concentrations and the BCAA concentration; Whitehead Index, relationship between the sum of serine, glycine, glutamine, and taurine concentrations and the sum of methionine and BCAA concentrations. Tryptophan concentrations are not reported, because much of this amino acid is bound to plasma proteins, which are eliminated during the deproteinization step in the analytical procedure
* Differences among sample times were tested using Friedman test for three repeated measures, considering P < 0.05 to be significant.
^†x ± SEM (for all values)
‡ Differences between times were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, considering P < 0.05 to be significant. In each group, mean values within the same row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different.

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ISSN: 1743-7075

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