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Table 1 Blood parameters

From: Sexual dimorphism in the lasting effects of moderate caloric restriction during gestation on energy homeostasis in rats is related with fetal programming of insulin and leptin resistance

  

Glucose

(mg/dl)

Insulin

(μg/l)

Leptin

(μg/l)

Triglycerides

(mg/ml)

NEFA

(μg/l)

  

Control

CR

Control

CR

Control

CR

Control

CR

Control

CR

MALES

           
 

Ad libitum

98 ± 4

95 ± 4

0.774 ± 0.166

1.44 ± 0.27#

3.52 ± 0.43

3.38 ± 0.44

0.669 ± 0.193

1.48 ± 0.20#

0.447 ± 0.054

0.895 ± 0.054#

2 month-old

14-h fasting

65 ± 2+

66 ± 3+

0.115 ± 0.029+

0.103 ± 0.026+

0.832 ± 0.053+

0.471 ± 0.086+

0.447 ± 0.065

1.30 ± 0.24#

0.622 ± 0.077

1.21 ± 0.03+ #

 

ANOVA

F

RxF

F

R

R,F

 

Ad libitum

73 ± 2

77 ± 2

1.44 ± 0.24

2.29 ± 0.60

7.34 ± 0.74

9.48 ± 0.71

1.25 ± 0.25

1.57 ± 0.13

0.765 ± 0.079

1.12 ± 0.16

4 month-old

14-h fasting

64 ± 3+

72 ± 3

0.468 ± 0.094+

1.15 ± 0.29+ #

4.23 ± 0.31+

4.82 ± 0.33+

0.636 ± 0.153+

1.12 ± 0.10+ #

0.842 ± 0.144

1.35 ± 0.11#

 

ANOVA

F

F

F

R,F

R

 

Ad libitum

77 ± 5

80 ± 2

1.47 ± 0.41

2.69 ± 0.68#

8.17 ± 1.25

15.3 ± 1.6#

1.06 ± 0.16

1.94 ± 0.23#

1.27 ± 0.07

1.17 ± 0.14

5 month-old

14-h fasting

63 ± 3+

65 ± 3+

0.583 ± 0.147+

1.43 ± 0.35+ #

4.44 ± 0.78+

6.17 ± 0.84+

1.02 ± 0.21

1.31 ± 0.21+

1.20 ± 0.10

1.26 ± 0.07

 

ANOVA

F

R,F

RxF

R

  

FEMALES

           
 

Ad libitum

92 ± 3

100 ± 5

0.657 ± 0.115

1.55 ±0.35#

3.38 ± 0.44

2.87 ± 0.32

0.373 ± 0.063

0.946 ± 0.142#

0.529 ± 0.057

0.921 ± 0.047#

2 month-old

14-h fasting

71 ± 2+

71 ± 3+

0.134 ± 0.019+

0.134 ±0.014+

0.448 ± 0.055+

0.511 ± 0.129+

0.516 ± 0.148

0.633 ± 0.217

0.657 ± 0.085

1.28 ± 0.11+ #

 

ANOVA

F

RxF

F

R

R,F

 

Ad libitum

84 ± 6

82 ± 2

1.27 ± 0.16

1.86 ±0.35

5.59 ± 0.26

6.31 ± 0.37

0.747 ± 0.176

1.66 ± 0.38#

0.715 ± 0.090

1.35 ± 0.15#

4 month-old

14-h fasting

67 ± 3+

67 ± 1+

0.246 ± 0.045+

0.465 ±0.120+

2.03 ± 0.17+

2.09 ± 0.10+

0.496 ± 0.119+

0.693 ± 0.102+

0.826 ± 0.105

1.26 ± 0.08#

 

ANOVA

F

F

F

R,F

R

 

Ad libitum

80 ± 1

81 ± 3

1.47 ± 0.19

2.34 ± 0.33#

7.21 ± 0.67

6.21 ± 0.449

0.909 ± 0.290

1.44 ± 0.30

0.957 ± 0.068

1.10 ± 0.09

5 month-old

14-h fasting

69 ± 2+

60 ± 3+ #

0.251 ± 0.033+

0.476 ± 0.103+

2.98 ± 0.20+

3.25 ± 0.162+

1.14 ± 0.32

1.19 ± 0.29

1.17 ± 0.09

1.30 ± 0.12

 

ANOVA

F

R, F

F

    
  1. Circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, triacylglicerides and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in male and female offspring of controls and caloric restricted dams during gestation (CR) at the ages of 2, 4 and 5 months, under ad libitum feeding conditions and after 14 h fasting conditions. Animals were fed with standard normal fat (NF) diet until the age of 4 months and then exposed to a high fat (HF) diet. Data are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 8). Statistics: R, effect of caloric restriction; F effect of fasting; RxF, interaction between caloric restriction and fasting (ANOVA repeated measures). #, different from their respective control group (Student's t test); +, different from fed conditions (Paired t test).