A paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischemic heart disease

Table 3 Effect of Paleolithic diet compared to Mediterranean diet on levels of leptin, leptin receptor and free leptin index (mean ± SD)

	Paleolithic diet	Mediterranean diet	P*
	(n = 14)	(n = 15)
Fasting plasma leptin, ng/ml
Baseline	10,7 ± 3,9	13,5 ± 11,0	0,4
6 weeks	6,6 ± 3,0	10,9 ± 8,5	0,08
12 weeks	7,1 ± 3,2	11,0 ± 8,4	0,11
Change 0-6 weeks	-4,0 ± 3,1	-2,6 ± 3,3	0,2
P for change within groups 0-6 weeks	0,0003	0,01
Relative change 0-6 weeks,%	-34 ± 25	-19 ± 20	0,08
Relative change 0-6 weeks, **outlier excluded,%	-37 ± 23	-19 ± 20	0,03
Change 0-12 weeks	-3,6 ± 3,0	-2,5 ± 4,0	0,4
P for change within groups 0-12 weeks	0,0006	0,03
Relative change 0-12 weeks,%	-31 ± 26	-18 ± 22	0,15
Relative change 0-12 weeks, **outlier excluded,%	-35 ± 21	-18 ± 22	0,04
Fasting plasma leptin receptor, ng/ml
Baseline	19,0 ± 8,9	14,9 ± 5,7	0,14
6 weeks	20,5 ± 12,3	19,6 ± 8,7	0,8
12 weeks	20,6 ± 10,8	18,1 ± 5,7	0,5
Change 0-6 weeks	1,5 ± 7,2	4,7 ± 8,2	0,3
P for change within groups 0-6 weeks	0,5	0,04
Relative change 0-6 weeks,%	13 ± 45	37 ± 50	0,2
Change 0-12 weeks	1,5 ± 7,0	3,2 ± 7,2	0,5
P for change within groups 0-12 weeks	0,4	0,10
Relative change 0-12 weeks,%	17 ± 51	33 ± 49	0,4
Free leptin index
Baseline	0,7 ± 0,5	1,1 ± 1,3	0,3
6 weeks	0,5 ± 0,5	0,7 ± 0,7	0,3
12 weeks	0,5 ± 0,4	0,6 ± 0,4	0,3
Change 0-6 weeks	-0,3 ± 0,6	-0,4 ± 0,7	0,5
P for change within groups 0-6 weeks	0,09	0,04
Relative change 0-6 weeks,%	-29 ± 47	-33 ± 29	0,8
Change 0-12 weeks	-0,2 ± 0,5	-0,5 ± 1,0	0,4
P for change within groups 0-12 weeks	0,08	0,08
Relative change 0-12 weeks,%	-28 ± 43	-30 ± 33	0,9

*P for difference between groups in a two-sided t-test with independent samples. ** One individual from the Paleolithic group was an outlier in terms of cereal intake.