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Table 3 Daily dietary intake at baseline and after supplementation1,2

From: Effect of a fat spread enriched with medium-chain triacylglycerols and a special fatty acid-micronutrient combination on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight patients with diabetes

 

MCT intake > 7 g/d (n = 21)

MTC intake ≤7 g/d (n = 22)

Pb

 

wk 0

wk 12

wk 12 - 0

P a

wk 0

wk 12

wk 12 - 0

P a

 

Energy (kcal/d)

2341.9 ± 650.0

2440.4 ± 758.4

98.5 ± 601.3

0.566

2234.4 ± 950.3

2518.8 ± 1095.4

284.5 ± 1229.6

0.223

0.593

Protein (g/d)

95.6 ± 22.7

93.4 ± 40.7

-2.2 ± 37.9

0.498

90.6 ± 45.7

102.7 ± 57.6

12.1 ± 67.3

0.263

0.211

Protein (%EN)

16.89 ± 2.23

15.43 ± 2.90

-1.47 ± 2.92

0.027

16.27 ± 3.10

16.13 ± 2.72

-0.14 ± 3.55

0.592

0.198

Carbohydrates (g/d)

237.0 ± 59.3

237.2 ± 62.3

0.2 ± 58.1

0.931

240.9 ± 96.9

241.1 ± 86.0

0.2 ± 109.3

0.808

0.771

Carbohydrates (%EN)

41.42 ± 6.35

40.53 ± 7.14

-0.89 ± 5.83

0.715

44.79 ± 7.74

40.27 ± 7.65

-4.51 ± 7.53

0.014

0.076

Fat (g/d)

93.4 ± 30.4

106.6 ± 37.6

13.2 ± 30.2

0.068

89.1 ± 47.0

111.0 ± 57.6

21.9 ± 60.5

0.050

0.789

Fat (%EN)

36.4 ± 5.5

39.4 ± 4.7

3.03 ± 6.16

0.079

35.1 ± 6.2

39.1 ± 5.8

4.04 ± 6.04

0.006

0.423

Alcohol (g/d)

21.3 ± 35.4

19.3 ± 28.2

-1.96 ± 16.86

0.476

11.8 ± 20.2

17.9 ± 27.6

6.03 ± 24.84

0.227

0.206

Alcohol (%EN)

5.33 ± 7.61

4.66 ± 6.29

-0.67 ± 3.29

0.590

3.86 ± 6.05

4.48 ± 6.58

0.62 ± 5.65

0.872

0.771

Cholesterol (mg/d)

363.2 ± 145.2

393.6 ± 213.7

30.4 ± 160.4

0.543

332.4 ± 189.0

359.7 ± 193.7

27.2 ± 259.2

0.758

0.884

SAFA (g/d)

34.6 ± 13.9

41.9 ± 13.5

7.3 ± 11.7

0.016

32.4 ± 17.7

40.2 ± 18.8

7.8 ± 21.1

0.072

0.942

MCT (g/d)

1.31 ± 0.76

7.74 ± 0.56

6.43 ± 0.83

<0.001

1.08 ± 0.64

4.94 ± 2.12

3.86 ± 2.29

<0.001

<0.001

MUFA (g/d)

34.0 ± 12.3

39.9 ± 16.0

5.9 ± 13.5

0.039

34.1 ± 19.9

45.5 ± 26.5

11.3 ± 27.1

0.010

0.627

PUFA (g/d)

14.5 ± 6.6

16.8 ± 5.7

2.3 ± 6.6

0.033

14.7 ± 7.7

18.2 ± 9.0

3.4 ± 9.5

0.082

0.981

Oleic acid (g/d)

30.1 ± 11.2

35.8 ± 14.4

5.7 ± 12.5

0.039

30.1 ± 17.7

40.7 ± 24.5

10.7 ± 24.6

0.011

0.610

LA (g/d)

12.34 ± 5.76

13.79 ± 4.98

1.45 ± 5.61

0.073

12.91 ± 6.88

15.21 ± 8.09

2.30 ± 8.30

0.322

0.981

ALA (g/d)

1.35 ± 0.82

2.09 ± 0.38

0.74 ± 0.78

0.001

1.15 ± 0.54

2.03 ± 0.66

0.88 ± 0.79

<0.001

0.409

LA/ALA

9.60 ± 1.87

6.47 ± 1.23

-3.14 ± 2.08

<0.001

11.37 ± 3.70

7.22 ± 1.70

-4.15 ± 3.43

<0.001

0.395

EPA (g/d)

0.040 ± 0.038

0.187 ± 0.035

0.147 ± 0.048

<0.001

0.035 ± 0.039

0.178 ± 0.027

0.143 ± 0.049

<0.001

0.981

DHA (g/d)

0.075 ± 0.085

0.192 ± 0.148

0.117 ± 0.167

0.003

0.068 ± 0.116

0.152 ± 0.071

0.083 ± 0.151

0.001

0.752

LA/(ALA+EPA+DHA)

8.72 ± 1.63

5.50 ± 1.11

-3.22 ± 1,65

<0.001

10.56 ± 3.67

6.20 ± 1.57

-4.35 ± 3.35

<0.001

0.296

Glucose (g/d)

11.4 ± 6.4

13.7 ± 6.1

2.3 ± 7.0

0.106

14.7 ± 7.4

13.7 ± 8.9

-1.0 ± 8.8

0.661

0.174

Fructose (g/d)

16.7 ± 10.4

17.7 ± 8.8

1.0 ± 11.6

0.532

20.2 ± 9.3

18.0 ± 11.1

-2.1 ± 12.2

0.527

0.296

Sorbitol (g/d)

1.01 ± 0.83

1.25 ± 1.12

0.24 ± 1.37

0.498

1.01 ± 0.58

1.70 ± 1.46

0.69 ± 1.49

0.051

0.437

Retinol (RE, μg/d)

3093.4 ± 6769.2

1671.6 ± 825.4

-1421.8 ± 6808.4

0.434

2611.9 ± 3613.9

1845.3 ± 792.9

-766.5 ± 3442.7

0.783

0.789

Vitamin D (μg/d)

3.09 ± 3.68

5.54 ± 4.76

2.45 ± 6.08

0.010

2.48 ± 3.58

3.54 ± 2.01

1.06 ± 4.36

0.042

0.627

Vitamin E (mg/d)

11.01 ± 5.25

14.45 ± 4.25

3.44 ± 4.66

0.004

12.10 ± 5.65

15.03 ± 7.19

2.92 ± 7.60

0.077

0.481

Vitamin B2 (mg/d)

1.77 ± 0.98

2.18 ± 0.65

0.41 ± 1.03

0.008

1.59 ± 0.72

2.26 ± 1.04

0.67 ± 1.24

0.006

0.752

Nicotinic acid (mg/d)

22.5 ± 8.8

25.9 ± 9.3

3.5 ± 12.2

0.217

19.5 ± 8.3

29.3 ± 15.0

9.8 ± 15.0

<0.001

0.159

Vitamin B6 (mg/d)

2.11 ± 0.80

2.52 ± 1.31

0.41 ± 1.17

0.122

1.98 ± 0.89

2.75 ± 1.31

0.77 ± 1.44

0.002

0.296

Folic acid (μg/d)

250.4 ± 157.3

354.1 ± 88.9

103.7 ± 119.1

0.001

239.5 ± 82.7

371.5 ± 139.4

131.9 ± 153.3

<0.001

0.716

Vitamin B12 (μg/d)

11.14 ± 15.76

10.54 ± 4.74

-0.61 ± 16.15

0.063

8.65 ± 7.70

10.83 ± 5.19

2.18 ± 9.35

0.050

0.369

Vitamin C (mg/d)

92.8 ± 89.2

79.2 ± 29.6

-13.6 ± 86.0

0.848

88.9 ± 40.6

92.3 ± 48.5

3.4 ± 64.1

0.758

0.771

Sodium (g/d)

3.14 ± 1.23

3.02 ± 1.24

-0.12 ± 1.10

0.715

3.39 ± 1.87

3.50 ± 2.21

0.11 ± 2.54

0.485

0.716

Chloride (g/d)

4.74 ± 1.71

4.62 ± 1.84

-0.12 ± 1.51

0.741

5.03 ± 2.65

5.29 ± 3.38

0.26 ± 3.86

0.592

0.644

Salt (g/d)

7.1 ± 2.7

6.9 ± 2.8

-0.2 ± 2.4

0.715

7.5 ± 4.2

7.8 ± 5.1

0.4 ± 5.9

0.509

0.789

Fiber (g/d)

21.9 ± 11.7

22.2 ± 7.2

0.32 ± 8.96

0.434

24.1 ± 10.5

25.3 ± 13.4

1.16 ± 14.47

0.910

0.808

Purins (mg/d)

203.9 ± 67.0

201.9 ± 98.8

-2.0 ± 111.8

0.821

200.7 ± 98.6

230.1 ± 129.3

27.0 ± 145.5

0.327

0.464

Uric acid (mg/d)

613.4 ± 201.4

605.9 ± 297.7

-7.5 ± 336.1

0.794

586.3 ± 279.8

685.2 ± 352.7

98.9 ± 397.4

0.072

0.224

  1. 1 data are presented as mean ± SD
  2. a p values for comparison between week 0 and 12 (Wilcoxon-Test)
  3. b p values for comparison of group × time interactions (Mann-Whitney-U-Test)
  4. 2 abbreviations used: ALA, alpha-linolenic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EN, energy; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; LA, linoleic acid; MCT, medium-chain triacylglycerols; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RE, retinol equivalent; SAFA, saturated fatty acids
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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