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Table 11 Secondary Plasma Amino Acids and their metabolites, in units of μmol/dl

From: Nutritional and metabolic status of children with autism vs. neurotypical children, and the association with autism severity

Amino Acids

Autism Group

Neuro-typical Group

% Difference

p-value

Neuro-typical Ref. Range (10th and 90th percentiles)

Autism Group % below RR

Autism Group % above RR

1-Methyl histidine

0.365

+/- 0.15

0.355

+/- 0.12

 

n.s.

0.19-0.52

11%

15%

3-Methyl histidine

0.74

+/- 0.68

0.68

+/- 0.52

 

n.s.

0.20-1.4

13%

20%

Alpha-amino adipate

(33%/27% below dl)

0.079

+/- 0.32

0.088

+/- 0.044

 

n.s.

0.05-0.17

0%

0%

Alpha-amino-N-butyrate

1.78

+/- 0.66

1.82

+/- 0.72

 

n.s.

1.0-2.8

11%

7%

Anserine

(85%/95% below dl)

0.058

+/- 0.027

0.051

+/- 0.006

 

0.06

0.32-1.0

11%

11%

Beta-alanine

0.60

+/- 0.28

0.62

+/- 0.31

 

n.s.

0.05-0.26

0%

15%

Beta-amino isobutyrate

0.191

+/- 0.89

0.138

+/- 0.088

+39%

0.004

2.45-3.75

25%

20%

Carnosine

(76%/89% below dl)

0.061

+/- 0.031

0.054

+/- 0.015

 

n.s.

2.4-4.3

15%

11%

Citrulline

3.02

+/- 0.80

3.02

+/- 0.52

 

n.s.

0.31-1.55

9%

18%

Cystine + Cysteine

3.22

+/- 0.82

3.48

+/- 0.74

 

n.s.

1.3-3.6

5%

5%

Ethanolamine

1.07

+/- 0.75

0.94

+/- 0.63

 

n.s.

0.13-0.65

2%

9%

Gamma-amino butyrate

(75%/84% below dl)

0.053

+/- 0.006

0.053

+/- 0.008

 

n.s.

3.9-8.3

9%

5%

Homocystine + Homocysteine

(71%/89% below dl)

0.0094

+/- 0.010

0.0055

+/- 0.0016

+71%

0.006

0.87-2.2

25%

13%

Hydroxy proline

2.40

+/- 0.80

2.19

+/- 0.80

 

n.s.

0.0085-0.022

5%

33%

Methionine Sulfoxide

0.368

+/- 0.20

0.315

+/- 0.21

 

n.s.

0.4-1.35

13%

5%

Ornithine

5.9

+/- 1.6

5.98

+/- 1.7

 

n.s.

5.3-23.5

4%

4%

Phospho ethanol amine

1.34

+/- 0.73

1.55

+/- 0.59

 

n.s.

195-400

2%

3%

Phospho serine

0.045

+/- 0.078

0.024

+/- 0.044

 

n.s.

   

Sarcosine

0.80

+/- 0.32

0.893

+/- 0.36

 

n.s.

   

Taurine

13.9

+/- 5.8

16.8

+/- 5.8

-17%

0.02

   

Urea

299

+/- 94

309

+/- 87

 

n.s.

   
  1. In some cases data was below the detectable limit -if this was greater than 20%, then we report the data as the % of the autism group and then the % of the neurotypical group below the detectable limit (dl).
  2. The table also lists the reference range of the neurotypical group (10th and 90th percentiles), and the % of the Autism group who are above or below the reference ranges. Note that if the groups were identical, 10% would be above and 10% would be below. Percentages above 25% are highlighted.
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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