Table 3 Analytical methods for some of the measurements
Analyte | Source | Methodology |
|---|---|---|
Vitamin A | Plasma | Spectrophotometry [80] |
Total Carotenes (alpha, beta, epsilon, gamma) | Plasma | Spectrophotometry [81] |
Vitamin C (sum of reduced and oxidized forms) | Plasma | Spectrophotometry [82] |
Vitamin D3 (25-hydroxy) | plasma | Measured in plasma by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS) [83] |
Vitamin E (total tocopherols, including alpha, gamma1, gamma2) | serum | Spectrophotometry [84] |
Vitamin K | plasma | Vitamin K was extracted from plasma by methylene chloride in a monophasic design, purified on a C-18 cartridge, separated on a reversed-phase column, and then detected fluorometrically [85] |
Thiamine | Whole Blood | Microbiological Assay [86] |
Riboflavin | Whole Blood | Microbiological Assay [87] |
Niacin | Whole Blood | Microbiological Assay [88] |
Pantothenic Acid | Whole Blood | Microbiological Assay [89] |
P5P | RBC | Microbiological Assay [90] |
Biotin | Whole Blood | Microbiological Assay [91] |
Folic Acid | Serum | Microbiological Assay [92] |
Vitamin B12 | Plasma | Microbiological Assay [93] |
Choline (Free and Total) | RBC | Microbiological Assay [94] |
Alpha lipoic acid | Plasma | Microbiological Assay [95] |
CoQ10 | Plasma | Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using hexane extraction on a C-18 column (15 cm, 5 micron) with methanol:hexane (95:5) as the mobile phase and UV detection [96] |
Adenosine, Inosine, Uridine | Plasma | HPLC with 254 adsorption [97] |
Formimino-glutaric acid (FIGLU) | Urine | Spectrophotometrically [98] after adjustment of specific gravity at neutral pH [99] |
Kryptopyrole | Urine | Spectrophotometrically [100] after adjustment of specific gravity at neutral pH [99] |
Methylmalonic Acid | Urine | Liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization [101], expressed per gram creatinine |
N-methylnicotinamide | Urine | HPLC, with ultraviolet diode array detection [102], and the results are expressed per gram creatinine |
Serum Ferritin | Serum | Immunometric assay with Immunlite 2000 (Diagnostics Product Corp., Los Angeles, California) |
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenyosylhomocysteine (SAH) | RBC | |
Glutathione (GSH and GSSG) | Plasma | Fluorescence detector [105] |
Nitrotyrosine | Plasma | LCMS [106] |
ATP | Plasma | Luciferin-luciferase assay [107] |
NADH, NADPH | RBC | Spectrophotometry [108] |
Sulfate (Free and Total) | Plasma | Using indirect atomic absorption spectrometry [109] |