Essential Minerals + other minerals | Units | Autism Group | Neuro-typical Group | % Difference | p-value | Neurotypical Reference Range (10th and 90th percentiles) | Autism Group % below RR | Autism Group % above RR | Tietz Ref. Range[39] | NHANES1999-2002 Reference Range (6-11 yr and 12-19 yr)[38] | Sonora Quest Ref. Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium-WB | mg/dl |
5.9 +/- 0.4 |
5.8 +/- 0.3 | n.s. | 5.45-6.20 | 11% | 11% | ||||
Calcium-RBC | μg/g |
19.3
+/-7 |
22.4
+/- 6 | -14% | 0.02 | 12.5-29.5 | 31% | 7% | |||
Calcium-Serum (total) | mg/dl |
9.6 +/- 0.5 |
9.6 +/- 0.2 | n.s. | 9.25-9.9 | 13% | 9% |
8.8-10.8 (2-12 yr) |
8.8-10.8 (2-12 yr) | ||
Chromium-RBC | ng/g |
0.91 +/-0.5 |
0.80 +/- 0.4 | n.s. | 0.3-14 | 9% | 16% | ||||
Copper-WB | μg/dL |
95
+/-11 |
89
+/- 14 | +7% | 0.02 | 70-108.5 | 0% | 11% | |||
Copper-RBC | μg/g |
0.76
+/-0.08 |
0.72
+/- 0.09 | +5% | 0.03 | 0.61-0.86 | 2% | 13% | |||
Iodine-Urine | μg/mg-creatinine |
0.24 +/- 0.2 |
0.26 +/- 0.3 | n.s. | 0.097-0.57 | 25% | 4% |
0.116-0.699 0.067-0.364 | |||
Iron-RBC | μg/g |
891
+/-94 |
833
+/- 64 | +7% | 0.0005 * | 764-922 | 2% | 42% | |||
Iron-Serum | μg/dl |
83 +/- 34 |
87 +/- 35 | n.s. | 42-130 | 7% | 7% |
50-120 (child) |
39-126 45-141 |
28-136 (6-14 yr) | |
Serum Ferritin | μg/l |
39.1 +/- 22 |
36.9 +/- 17 | n.s. | 17-63 | 9% | 16% |
7-140 (1 - 15 yr) |
11-74 8.0-115 | ||
Lithium-WB | μg/L |
1.7
+/-0.8 |
3.6
+/- 6 | -52% | 0.006 W | 1-5.0 | 11% | 0% | |||
Lithium-WB (without 3 highest neurotypical outliers #) | μg/L |
2.2
+/- 1.1 | -23% | 0.006 W | 3.25-3.90 | 13% | 7% | ||||
Magnesium-WB | mg/dl |
3.53
+/-0.31 |
3.64
+/- 0.26 | -3% | 0.02 W | 42-54.5 | 18% | 22% | |||
Magnesium-RBC | μg/g |
48.9 +/-6 |
47.5 +/- 5 | n.s. | 1.8-2.2 | 4% | 2% |
40-64 (adult) | |||
Magnesium-Serum | mg/dl |
1.95
+/- 0.14 |
2.03
+/- 0.15 | -4% | 0.02 W | 8-16 | 13% | 15% |
1.7-2.1 (6-12 yr) |
1.7-2.4 (adult) | |
Manganese-WB | μg/L |
12.1 +/4 |
11.6 +/- 3 | n.s. | 0.012-0.025 | 11% | 20% |
7.7-12.1 (adult) | |||
Manganese-RBC | μg/g |
0.021 +/-0.007 |
0.018 +/- 0.005 | +12% | 0.07 W | 1-1.8 | 6% | 7% | |||
Molybdenum-WB | μg/L |
1.4 +/-0.4 |
1.4 +/- 0.3 | n.s. | 0.15-0.30 | 7% | 13% |
0.8-3.3 (adult) | |||
Molybdenum-RBC | ng/g |
0.93 +/- 0.3 |
0.98 +/- 0.2 | n.s. | 520-629 | 7% | 33% | ||||
Phosphorus-RBC | μg/g |
597
+/-59 |
567
+/- 43 | +5% | 0.004 | 3.85-5.35 | 6% | 6% | |||
Phosphorus-Serum | mg/dL |
4.6 +/- 0.5 |
4.6 +/- 0.5 | n.s. | 73-83.5 | 9% | 20% |
4.5-5.5 (2-12 yr) |
3.1-5.9 (4-12 yr) | ||
Potassium -RBC | mEq/L |
79
+/- 5.3 |
76.9
+/- 4.1 | +3% | 0.007 W | 3.8-4.6 | 15% | 9% | |||
Potassium-Serum | mEq/L |
4.1 +/- 0.3 |
4.2 +/- 0.3 | n.s. | 186-236 | 19% | 9% |
3.4-4.7 (child) |
2.8-6.0 (child) | ||
Selenium-WB | μg/L |
207 +/-28 |
210 +/- 20 | n.s. | 0.20-0.27 | 9% | 18% |
58-234 (adult) | |||
Selenium-RBC | μg/g |
0.24 +/- 0.04 |
0.23 +/- 0.03 | n.s. | 136-139 | 9% | 17% |
0.07-0.24 (adult) | |||
Sodium-Serum | mEq/l |
138 +/- 2 |
137 +/- 1 | n.s. | 0.15-0.30 | 11% | 2% |
138-145 (child) |
135-145 (adult) | ||
Vanadium-RBC | ng/g |
0.21 +/- 0.07 | 0.22 +/- 0.07 | n.s. | 465-657 | 7% | 7% | ||||
Zinc-WB | μg/dL |
551 +/-68 |
555 +/- 74 | n.s. | 6.8-10.8 | 2% | 15% | ||||
Zinc-RBC | μg/g |
9.2 +/-1.4 |
8.9 +/- 1.4 | n.s. | |||||||
Non-essential minerals | |||||||||||
Boron-RBC | μg/g |
0.029
+/-0.014 |
0.025
+/- 0.007 | +16% | 0.04 | 0.014-0.032 | 13% | 36% | |||
Strontium-WB | μg/L |
25 +/-8 |
24 +/- 6 | n.s | 17-34 | 7% | 6% |