| |
Control
|
Obese
|
T2D
|
|---|
|
n
|
14
|
22
|
20
|
|
Age (yr)
|
45 [41;59]
|
49 [20;60]
|
55 [40;63]#,$
|
|
Gender (males/females)
|
5/9
|
20/2
|
12/8
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
23.85 [21.20;32.40]
|
33.60 [27.90;38.50] *
|
31.85 [22.80;39.10]#
|
|
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)
|
5.03 [4.50;5.85]
|
5.50 [4.30;6.80] *
|
7.37 [5.11;12.50]#,$
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
5.40 [5.00;5.90]
|
5.45 [4.80;6.50]
|
7.40 [5.80;11.70]#,$
|
|
Fasting insulin (μUI/ml)
|
5.90 [2.90;13.90]
|
11.55 [3.90;35.70] *
|
11.65 [2.10;38.40]#
|
|
HOMA
|
1.33 [0.60;3.03]
|
3.15 [0.85;10.79]
|
3.85 [0.66;16.38]#
|
|
BMR (kcal/24 h)
|
1368 [1066;1920]
|
1895 [1590;2350] *
|
1701 [1264;2062]#,$
|
|
TC (mg/dl)
|
209 [170;292]
|
201[138;250]
|
184 [104;219]#
|
|
TG (mg/dl)
|
90 [51;187]
|
140 [62;531] *
|
130 [44;335]
|
|
LDL-C (mg/dl)
|
122 [86;178]
|
131 [92;165]
|
112 [35;139]#,$
|
|
HDL-C (mg/dl)
|
66 [40;103]
|
40 [26;54] *
|
46 [37;74]#,$
|
|
Total BA (μmol/l)
|
1.06 [0.46;1.90]
|
1.49 [0.64;4.06]*
|
1.34 [0.53;5.54]
|
|
DCA (μmol/l)
|
0.38 [0.14;1.02]
|
0.44 [0.03;1.07]
|
0.62 [0.11;1.66]#
|
|
CDCA (μmol/l)
|
0.36 [0.09;1.25]
|
0.60 [0.31;2.38]
|
0.43 [0.09;2.78]
|
|
CA (μmol/l)
|
0.22 [0.08;0.50]
|
0.35 [0.09;1.20] *
|
0.26 [0.1;1.10]
|
- Data represent median [min;max]. Total BA represent the sum of DCA + CDCA + CA.
- Tukey test was used for comparison of clinical parameters between the groups. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) are shown between controls and obeses (*), control and type 2 diabetics (#), and obeses and type 2 diabetics ($).
- HOMA: homeostasis model assessment (= glucose × insulin/22.5), BMR: basal metabolic rate, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, DCA: deoxycholic acid, CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid, CA: cholic acid.
