Effect of dietary krill oil supplementation on the endocannabinoidome of metabolically relevant tissues from high-fat-fed mice

Table 3 Metabolic parameters and expression of some hepatic metabolic genes (italics) in mice fed the experimental diets

	N	HF	HFKO1.25	HFKO2.5	HFKO5
Initial weight (g)	18.1 ± 0.3	18.5 ± 0.8	18.0 ± 0.3	18.2 ± 0.6	18.3 ± 0.8
Final weight (g)	24.6 ± 0.3	31.7 ± 0.9^###	31.0 ± 0.9	31.8 ± 0.7	32.4 ± 1.0
Weight gain	6.5 ± 0.4	13.3 ± 1.1^###	13.0 ± 0.9	13.6 ± 0.7	14.1 ± 0.6
TG (mmol/L)	0.4 ± 0.03	0.6 ± 0.06^##	0.8 ± 0.08	0.8 ± 0.09	0.8 ± 0.06
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.6 ± 0.1	4.3 ± 0.3^###	3.4 ± 0.1^a	3.0 ± 0.1^b	3.0 ± 0.2^b
PL (mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.1^###	1.5 ± 0.1^a	1.3 ± 0.1^c	1.3 ± 0.1^c
Glucose (mmol/L)	11.5 ± 0.6	13.1 ± 1.6	8.3 ± 0.6^b	8.7 ± 0.8^a	7.5 ± 0.8^b
Insulin (mmol/L)	1.1 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1
Adiponectin (μg/ml)	4.7 ± 0.2	5.0 ± 0.1	6.5 ± 0.3	6.5 ± 0.4	7.5 ± 0.6^a
Fatty acid synthase	109 ± 15	44 ± 9 ^##	27 ± 4	13 ± 1 ^c	17 ± 2 ^c
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	104 ± 10	67 ± 10 ^##	50 ± 5	28 ± 3 ^c	32 ± 4 ^b
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase	106 ± 11	232 ± 43 ^##	154 ± 18	55 ± 8 ^c	78 ± 16 ^c
CD36	101 ± 5	232 ± 28 ^###	256 ± 11	131 ± 13	219 ± 38
Monoacylglycerol lipase	102 ± 7	146 ± 17 ^#	114 ± 9	50 ± 4 ^c	68 ± 7 ^b

Data are taken from (30) and are means ± SEM of separate determinations in N = 6-10 mice. ^## P < 0.01 and ^### P < 0.001 N vs HF group; ^a P < 0.05, ^b P < 0.01 and ^c P < 0.001 HF vs HFKO groups. Expression values represent mRNA levels expressed as a ratio relative to cyclophilin, and then expressed as percent of those in N mice. Results represent means ± SEMs (n = 6-10 mice per group). Mice were fed diets for 8 weeks. Significant difference between N and HF by Student's t-test: ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, and ^###P < 0.001. Significant difference between HF- and HFKO-supplemented animals by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for significance. ^a, P < 0.05; ^b, P < 0.01, and ^c, P < 0.001. Data and corresponding statistical analyses are from [30] and are reported here to show how changes in the endocannabinoidome induced by dietary ω-3 fatty acids is associated with metabolic changes.

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