Figure 4From: UPR in palmitate-treated pancreatic beta-cells is not affected by altering oxidation of the fatty acidUnfolded protein response in palmitate-exposed INS-1E cells. The cells were cultured for 3, 24 or 48 hours in the presence of 0.5 mM palmitate (Pa) at 5.5 or 25 mM glucose (Glu). AICAR (1 mM, Aic) or etomoxir (0.2 mM, Et) were added as indicated. Cells cultured at 11 mM glucose alone were considered as control. After culture, protein levels of p-PERK (A), p-eIF2α (B), CHOP (D), BiP (H) and transcript levels of ATF4 (C), GADD34 (E), sXBP1 (F) and EDEM (G) were measured. Protein and transcripts levels are means ± SEM of 6 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared to control.Back to article page