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Table 2 Differences in dietary intakes for the women

From: Long-term aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplementation modulate osteoporosis through inflammatory mechanisms in post-menopausal women: a randomized, repeated measures study

Daily intakes Groups

E + S

E

S

Con

P <

Total energy (kcal)

     

Before

2116 ± 371

2101 ± 358

2121 ± 360

2099 ± 381

0.149

After

† 2207 ± 354

† 2211 ± 344

2119 ± 369

2109 ± 364

0.074

Proteins (g)

     

Before

81 ± 14

77 ± 21

82 ± 17

80 ± 20

0.198

After

78 ± 19

81 ± 10

79 ± 18

82 ± 12

0.357

Carbohydrates (g)

     

Before

224 ± 59

218 ± 51

230 ± 58

228 ± 65

0.091

After

230 ± 66

225 ± 55

233 ± 49

227 ± 60

0.208

Lipids (g)

     

Before

74 ± 12

69 ± 24

71 ± 29

73 ± 22

0.077

After

72 ± 22

74 ± 18

68 ± 23

71 ± 12

0.201

SFA (g)

     

Before

24 ± 9

23 ± 6

22 ± 5

22 ± 8

0.087

After

23 ± 5

23 ± 8

23 ± 7

22 ± 5

0.141

MUFA (g)

     

Before

26 ± 7

28 ± 5

27 ± 6

29 ± 9

0.536

After

27 ± 5

28 ± 9

27 ± 8

28 ± 6

0.339

PUFA (g)

     

Before

12 ± 4

11 ± 7

11 ± 6

11 ± 9

0.067

After

11 ± 9

11 ± 8

11 ± 8

11 ± 6

0.094

Total fibers (g)

     

Before

18 ± 9

17 ± 8

17 ± 5

18 ± 6

0.091

After

17 ± 8

18 ± 6

17 ± 9

18 ± 8

0.082

Calcium (mg)

     

Before

690.4 ± 234.7

692.3 ± 244.9

694.5 ± 227.3

687.6 ± 189.9

0.092

After

694.1 ± 212.1

692.8 ± 259.1

693.4 ± 235.2

690.2 ± 204.8

0.421

Vitamin D (μg)

     

Before

9.7 ± 6.5

9.6 ± 6.3

9.8 ± 6.9

9.4 ± 5.7

0.114

After

9.6 ± 6.8

9.7 ± 6.8

9.4 ± 6.5

9.7 ± 7.1

0.067

Vitamin K (μg)

     

Before

435.1 ± 211.7

431.9 ± 191.2

436.2 ± 204.7

434.5 ± 197.1

0.336

After

433.8 ± 227.2

435.1 ± 201.7

433.9 ± 211.1

436.2 ± 217.4

0.081

  1. E+S = Exercise + Supplement; E = Exercise; S = Supplement; Con = Control; BMI = Body mass index; SFA = Saturated fatty acid; MUFA = Monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = Polyunsaturated fatty acid
  2. † P < 0.05, significantly different from baseline values (within groups, baseline vs. week 24).
  3. Values are mean ± SD