Table 3 Baseline, Week 12, and 24 Values of Bone Mineral Density, Inflammatory Markers, and Osteoporosis Biomarkers in Different Groups of Post-Menopausal Women

L ₂ -L ₄ BMD (g/cm²)

Baseline

0.79 ± 0.12

0.79 ± 0.12

0.78 ± 0.12

0.79 ± 0.14

0.995

Week 12

0.84 ± 0.14

0.81 ± 0.12

0.79 ± 0.11

0.79 ± 0.13

0.51

CfB

0.05 ± 0.15

0.02 ± 0.06

0.01 ± 0.09

-0.01 ± 0.06

(%)

3.3 (0, 15.6)

0.7 (-1.3, 7.5)

0 (-1, 10)

0 (0, 0)

Week 24

0.91 ± 0.07 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

0.84 ± 0.13 ^{1, 4}

0.83 ± 0.1 ^{1, 4}

0.73 ± 0.14 ^{1, 2, 3} †#

*0.001

CfB

0.13 ± 0.15

0.05 ± 0.14

0.05 ± 0.13

-0.06 ± 0.16

(%)

15.8 (3.3, 42.5)

7.6 (0, 19.9)

1.5 (-0.2, 18)

-8.5 (-23.9, 0)

Femoral neck BMD (g/cm ² )

Baseline

0.68 ± 0.11

0.67 ± 0.10

0.67 ± 0.10

0.69 ± 0.08

0.981

Week 12

0.78 ± 0.17 ^{2, 3, 4} †

0.71 ± 0.15 ⁴

0.71 ± 0.09 ^{1, 4}

0.65 ± 0.07 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.013

CfB

0.11 ± 0.21

0.03 ± 0.21

0.03 ± 0.07

-0.04 ± 0.06

(%)

17.9 (-10.6, 48.9)

3.6 (-12.2, 21.2)

1.9 (0, 6.7)

-2.8 (-5.9, -1.4)

Week 24

0. 87 ± 0.17 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

0.74 ± 0.13 ^{1, 4}

0.74 ± 0.15 ^{1, 4}

0.63 ± 0.09 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

0.19 ± 0.18

0.07 ± 0.19

0.07 ± 0.13

-0.06 ± 0.1

(%)

19.3 (-2.5, 56.8)

8 (-11.2, 22.9)

17 (-3.4, 25.3)

-7.5 (-11.4, -0.3)

TNF-α (pg/ml)

Baseline

79 ± 15.4

77.6 ± 17.1

76.6 ± 17.3

79.8 ± 8.3

0.943

Week 12

44.9 ± 20.3 ^{2, 3, 4} †

68.5 ± 16.9 ^{1, 4}

61.1 ± 24.2 ^{1, 4} †

83.6 ± 8.6 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

-34.1 ± 24.7

-9.2 ± 29.3

-16.9 ± 33.1

3.8 ± 6.7

(%)

-47 (-55.7, -33.8)

-22.1 (-27.2, 9.3)

-27.4 (-50.9, -2.3)

5.4 (0, 12.4)

Week 24

19.7 ± 17.4 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

58.2 ± 28.1 ^{1, 3, 4}

34 ± 31.8 ^{1, 2, 4} †#

88.3 ± 20.6 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

-59.3 ± 23.7

-19.4 ± 31.9

-42.5 ± 30.8

8.5 ± 17.9

(%)

-81.7 (-85.6, -78.4)

-16.1 (-64.1, 8.9)

-76.9 (-83.5, -10)

8.8 (0.5, 17.1)

IL-6 (pg/ml)

Baseline

49.3 ± 26.5

50.7 ± 25.1

48.8 ± 27.2

51.6 ± 20.5

0.991

Week 12

40.2 ± 17.3

49.6 ± 30.9

46.4 ± 29.9

54.6 ± 29.2

0.547

CfB

-9.1 ± 14.8

-1.1 ± 37.8

-2.4 ± 31.1

3.1 ± 31.3

(%)

-11.2 (-24.2, 12.2)

-0.4 (-49.3, 72.4)

0.1 (-39.6, 21.6)

-13.5 (-37.9, 66.3)

Week 24

21.9 ± 10 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

43 ± 26.5 ^{1, 4}

40.8 ± 26.6 ^{1, 4}

63 ± 30.3 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

-27.4 ± 29.7

-7.7 ± 48.3

-8 ± 24.2

11.4 ± 37.9

(%)

-40.8 (-76.4, -31.4)

-37.8 (-70.1, 155.6)

-24.5 (-40.7, 3)

20.1 (-39.8, 120)

PGE ₂ (pg/ml)

Baseline

16.2 ± 4.9

16.6 ± 5.7

16.6 ± 5.9

16.1 ± 5.3

0.991

Week 12

11.2 ± 4.2 ^{3, 4} †

12.8 ± 4.9 ^{3, 4}

15.1 ± 2.7 ^{1, 2}

17.6 ± 2.8 ^{1, 2}

*0.001

CfB

-5 ± 6.1

-3.8 ± 6.6

-1.6 ± 7.4

1.6 ± 5

(%)

-27.5 (-53.1, 10)

-7.4 (-29.2, 0)

-7 (-35.4, 26.6)

3.4 (-10.3, 47.3)

Week 24

4.6 ± 2.3 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

11.3 ± 4.1 ^{1, 4} †

12.6 ± 3 ^{1, 4} †

17.3 ± 2.7 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

-11.5 ± 5.9

-5.3 ± 8.4

-4 ± 7.4

1.2 ± 5.4

(%)

-69.9 (-80.1, -65)

-29.7 (-58.5, -2.8)

-32 (-51.4, 15.4)

6 (-17.5, 43.2)

Estrogen (pg/ml)

Baseline

15 ± 7.4

15.6 ± 8.1

15.8 ± 8

14.8 ± 8.5

0.983

Week 12

24 ± 7.1 ^{2, 3, 4} †

17 ± 7.7 ^{1, 4}

18.6 ± 6 ^{1, 4}

12.7 ± 7.4 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

8.9 ± 11

1.4 ± 11.1

2.7 ± 10.4

-2.1 ± 13

(%)

65.9 (40.7, 134.2)

-14.4 (-36.9, 96.7)

-1.7 (-26, 127.5)

1.4 (-45.8, 35.2)

Week 24

33.7 ± 11.9 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

20.2 ± 7.4 ^{1, 4}

21.4 ± 8.1 ^{1, 4}

12.9 ± 8.5 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

18.7 ± 11.6

4.6 ± 10.4

5.5 ± 10.2

-1.8 ± 8.8

(%)

126.6 (50, 215)

52.8 (-8.8, 102.4)

56 (-24.2, 108)

0 (0, 0)

Osteocalcin (ng/ml)

Baseline

26.3 ± 8.7

25.8 ± 8.4

26.7 ± 8.6

24.4 ± 7.7

0.891

Week 12

34.4 ± 8.4 ⁴ †

27.2 ± 8.7

28.5 ± 10.1

23.6 ± 8.2 ¹

*0.016

CfB

8.1 ± 12.2

1.4 ± 12.1

1.8 ± 14.7

-0.8 ± 11

(%)

37.8 (-13.4, 83.4)

6.7 (-19.9, 55.2)

-2.4 (-34.7, 27.8)

0 (-13.5, 27.4)

Week 24

39.2 ± 8.7 ^{2, 3, 4} †

29.8 ± 10.5 ¹

28.1 ± 9.6 ¹

22.6 ± 7.3 ¹

*0.001

CfB

12.9 ± 14.7

4 ± 12.9

1.4 ± 15.1

-1.8 ± 7.6

(%)

89.1 (9.9, 131.1)

4.6 (-21.7, 67)

15.1 (-30.9, 74.4)

0 (-7.7, 0)

1, 25 Vit D (pg/ml)

Baseline

39.9 ± 19.1

41.5 ± 21.9

39.3 ± 17.2

42.3 ± 20.6

0.974

Week 12

50 ± 19.1 †

44.6 ± 17.9

45.4 ± 19.8

41.4 ± 15.7

0.648

CfB

10.1 ± 28.7

3 ± 30.4

6.1 ± 24.7

-1 ± 25.1

(%)

15.1 (-8.4, 132.5)

-28.3 (-39, 146.5)

32.7 (-33.6, 103.2)

-11.7 (-34.7, 84.5)

Week 24

66.9 ± 14.3 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

54.9 ± 23.1 ^{1, 4}

49.4 ± 19.1 ^{1, 4}

38 ± 19.9 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.007

CfB

26 ± 23

13.4 ± 26.1

7.2 ± 28.5

-4.3 ± 32.8

(%)

62.4 (4, 204.6)

53 (6.8, 76.7)

44.9 (-34.7, 103.2)

-9.2 (-53.5, 62.1)

CTX (ng/ml)

Baseline

0.5 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.988

Week 12

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.635

CfB

-0.1 ± 0.2

0 ± 0.2

0 ± 0.2

0 ± 0.2

(%)

-6.3 (-18.8, 24)

-21.7 (-44.2, 47.7)

0 (-25.3, 20.1)

-3.7 (-27.5, 42.8)

Week 24

0.3 ± 0.1 ⁴ †

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.1 ¹

*0.006

CfB

-0.2 ± 0.2

-0.1 ± 0.2

0 ± 0.2

0 ± 0.2

(%)

-32.8 (-50.2, 0.6)

-8.1 (-27.5, 26.3)

5 (-22.6, 23.2)

-0.9 (-25.5, 53.1)

PTH (pg/ml)

Baseline

90.7 ± 39.5

92.5 ± 46.6

88.1 ± 42.8

94.9 ± 46.6

0.98

Week 12

53.9 ± 34.4 ^{2, 3, 4} †

83 ± 40.5 ^{1, 4}

87.8 ± 39.8 ^{1, 4}

92.9 ± 44.6 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.047

CfB

-36.8 ± 60.3

-9.4 ± 58.7

-0.1 ± 63.6

-2 ± 57.2

(%)

-57.6 (-70.4, -8.9)

-34.8 (-54.6, 88.6)

31.4 (-52.4, 63.7)

16.6 (-43.8, 79.2)

Week 24

35.8 ± 19.1 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

68.8 ± 36.9 ^{1, 3, 4}

80.8 ± 40 ^{1, 2, 4}

97.5 ± 40.5 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

-54.9 ± 42

-23.6 ± 54.5

-7.3 ± 41.3

2.6 ± 66.9

(%)

-52.4 (-67.8, -28.5)

-29.6 (-54.4, 19)

-8.9 (-31, 53.9)

9.9 (-41.6, 125.8)

CT(pg/ml)

Baseline

1.6 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.4

0.862

Week 12

12.4 ± 4.7 ^{2, 3, 4} †

7.9 ± 4.2 ^{1, 4} †

6.8 ± 2.7 ^{1, 4} †

1.6 ± 0.3 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

10.8 ± 4.8

6.4 ± 4.1

5.2 ± 2.7

0 ± 0.5

(%)

709.5 (557.6, 955.2)

729.3 (426.1, 1114.3)

313.4 (182.2, 474.5)

6.8 (-16.3, 25.2)

Week 24

24 ± 11.8 ^{2, 3, 4} †#

10.2 ± 7 ^1,4 †

8.9 ± 3.4 ^{1, 4} †

1.6 ± 0.4 ^{1, 2, 3}

*0.001

CfB

22.5 ± 11.8

8.6 ± 6.7

7.2 ± 3.4

0 ± 0.6

(%)

1181.8 (939.1, 2014.6)

838.8 (658, 1217.1)

435.7 (287.1, 546.7)

1.6 (-26.5, 42.7)

Ca²⁺ (mg/dl)

Baseline

9.6 ± 0.7

9.5 ± 0.7

9.3 ± 0.7

9.3 ± 0.7

0.503

Week 12

9.3 ± 0.9

9.4 ± 1

9.3 ± 0.8

9.4 ± 0.7

0.963

CfB

-0.4 ± 1

-0.2 ± 1.2

0 ± 1.2

0.1 ± 1.2

(%)

-3 (-12.4, 4.2)

-0.7 (-15.4, 9.2)

0.1 (-7.4, 2.1)

1.3 (-9.4, 15.6)

Week 24

9 ± 0.8

9.1 ± 0.8

9.3 ± 0.7

9.4 ± 0.7

0.483

CfB

-0.7 ± 1.1

-0.5 ± 0.8

-0.1 ± 1.1

0.1 ± 1.1

(%)

-9.7 (-12.1, 0.3)

-7 (-9.5, -3.1)

-3.9 (-9.4, 11.2)

4.2 (-10.1, 10.3)

Phosphorus (mg/dl)

Baseline

3.7 ± 0.6

3.8 ± 0.5

3.9 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 0.6

0.489

Week 12

3.6 ± 0.6

3.9 ± 0.6

3.6 ± 0.6

3.7 ± 0.7

0.608

CfB

-0.1 ± 1

0.1 ± 0.8

-0.3 ± 0.9

0.2 ± 0.7

(%)

-4.2 (-16.3, 26.3)

3.6 (-15.7, 22.2)

-7.5 (-20.7, 9.8)

0 (-2.6, 24.1)

Week 24

3.2 ± 0.6

3.5 ± 0.6

3.7 ± 0.8

3.6 ± 0.7

0.185

CfB

-0.5 ± 0.9

-0.3 ± 1

-0.2 ± 1.2

0.1 ± 0.7

(%)

-10.7 (-35.7, 7.6)

-15.7 (-23.7, 2.9)

5 (-29, 14.8)

0 (-11.7, 14.1)