Effects of 28 days of resistance exercise while consuming commercially available pre- and post-workout supplements, NO-Shotgun® and NO-Synthesize® on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of protein synthesis, and clinical safety markers in males

Table 3 Serum and muscle markers indicative of muscle protein synthesis for the CARB and NOSS groups

Variable	Group	Day 0	Day 29	Test (p < .05)	Group x Test (p < .05)
IGF-1 (pg/ml)				.038*	.385
	NOSS	3491.53 ± 597.34	3609.63 ± 497.11
	CARB	3018.43 ± 690.91	3339.24 ± 70.94
Myofibrillar Protein (μg/mg)				.041*	.049† NOSS > PLC
	NOSS	0.089 ± 0.019	0.115 ± 0.033
	CARB	0.087 ± 0.128	0.092 ± 0.022
MHC 1 (arbitrary density units)				.001*	.013† NOSS > PLC
	NOSS	1072.93 ± 206.16	1582.37 ± 247.55
	CARB	1114.95 ± 448.29	1381.76 ± 423.04
MHC 2A (arbitrary density units)				.001*	.046† NOSS > PLC
	NOSS	904.06 ± 500.22	1502.84 ± 412.07
	CARB	944.11 ± 458.98	1385.97 ± 310.87
MHC 2X (arbitrary density units)				.003*	.244
	NOSS	878.45 ± 328.28	731.70 ± 266.26
	CARB	979.89 ± 226.74	676.78 ± 163.27
Myo-D (Abs/mg)				.005*	.038† NOSS > PLC
	NOSS	1.72 ± 0.491	2.03 ± 0.399
	CARB	1.65 ± 0.339	1.74 ± 0.462
Myogenin (Abs/mg)				.017*	.091
	NOSS	1.63 ± 0.398	1.85 ± 0.422
	CARB	1.57 ± 0.240	1.78 ± 0.405
MRF-4 (Abs/mg)				.001*	.001† NOSS > PLC
	NOSS	1.87 ± 0.236	2.25 ± 0.247
	CARB	1.83 ± 0.005	1.97 ± 0.003

Data are presented as means and standard deviations. * Denotes a significant increase at Day 29 compared to Day 0. † Denotes a significant difference between CARB and NOSS.

ISSN: 1743-7075