TY - JOUR AU - Silver, Heidi J. AU - Dietrich, Mary S. AU - Niswender, Kevin D. PY - 2011 DA - 2011/02/02 TI - Effects of grapefruit, grapefruit juice and water preloads on energy balance, weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk in free-living obese adults JO - Nutrition & Metabolism SP - 8 VL - 8 IS - 1 AB - Reducing dietary energy density has proven to be an effective strategy to reduce energy intakes and promote weight control. This effect appears most robust when a low energy dense preload is consumed before meals. Yet, much discussion continues regarding the optimal form of a preload. The purpose of the present study was to compare effects of a solid (grapefruit), liquid (grapefruit juice) and water preload consumed prior to breakfast, lunch and dinner in the context of caloric restriction. SN - 1743-7075 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-8-8 DO - 10.1186/1743-7075-8-8 ID - Silver2011 ER -