Table 3 Change in Outcome Variables from Baseline to Study Completion by Preload Group
| Â | GF Preload (n = 29) | GFJ Preload (n = 28) | Water Preload (n = 28) | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | (mean ± SD) | (mean ± SD) | (mean ± SD) | P* |
Energy Expenditure | Â | Â | Â | Â |
RQ (VCO2/VO2) | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.618 |
REE (kcal) | 4.5 ± 27.9 | 42.1 ± 18.4 | - 37.1 ± 22.6 | 0.151 |
REE Adjusted (kcal/kg/lbm) | 1.6 ± 4.6 | 1.7 ± 5.1 | 0.9 ± 5.2 | 0.078 |
Body Composition | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | - 1.6 ± 1.6 | - 1.9 ± 1.4 | - 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.523 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | - 4.0 ± 4.1 | - 5.5 ± 5.7 | - 5.4 ± 4.8 | 0.189 |
Fat Tissue Mass (kg) | - 2.6 ± 2.1 | - 2.9 ± 2.9 | - 2.5 ± 2.1 | 0.499 |
Total Body Fat (%) | - 1.1 ± 1.8 | - 1.1 ± 1.9 | - 1.2 ± 2.6 | 0.489 |
Trunk Fat (%) | - 1.4 ± 2.9 | - 1.7 ± 2.6 | - 1.2 ± 2.6 | 0.154 |
Android Fat (%) | - 1.9 ± 2.4 | - 1.2 ± 2.7 | - 1.5 ± 3.3 | 0.239 |
Gynoid Fat (%) | - 1.5 ± 2.4 | - 0.5 ± 2.9 | - 0.7 ± 4.5 | 0.114 |
Lean Tissue Mass (kg) | - 0.9 ± 2.1 | - 1.9 ± 1.9 | 0.3 ± 2.4 | 0.127 |
Lean Tissue Mass (%) | 1.1 ± 2.4 | 0.8 ± 2.0. | 1.8 ± 2.6 | 0.230 |
BMC (kg) | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.587 |
Glycemia and Blood Pressure | Â | Â | Â | |
Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± .0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.4 | 0.969 |
Fasting Insulin (uU/mL) | - 0.5 ± 4.7 | - 0.3 ± 3.7 | - 0.8 ± 7.4 | 0.691 |
HOMAIR Score | - 0.2 ± 1. | - 0.1 ± 0.8 | - 0.6 ± 1.6 | 0.095 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | - 3.1 ± 7.8 | -3.1 ± 7.4 | - 1.5 ± 6.3 | 0.922 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | - 0.3 ± 8.1 | - 3.8 ± 9.1 | 0.1 ± 8.1 | 0.565 |
Lipids | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | - 6.7 ± 40.6 | - 9.4 ± 31.9 | - 4.3 ± 26.2 | 0.166 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 3.0 ± 21.3 | - 3.2 ± 14.9 | 2.5 ± 11.1 | 0.419 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1.8 ± 3.2 | 5.3 ± 7.9 | 3.5 ± 7.7 | 0.498 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 3.0 ± 5.2 | 4.9 ± 7.5** | -2.0 ± 7.2 | 0.020 |
HDL to total cholesterol ratio | - 0.2 ± 0.4 | - 0.4 ± 0.7** | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.025 |