Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
Characteristics of participants | Control | HCF | HP | MIX | p value1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (males/females) | 8/10 | 5/11 | 7/12 | 6/10 | 0.93 |
Age - yr | 55.3 ± 1.9 | 54.2 ± 3.2 | 57.4 ± 1.8 | 55.3 ± 1.9 | 0.76 |
Waist circumference - cm | 101.6 ± 2.1 | 101.4 ± 1.9 | 101.4 ± 2.6 | 100.6 ± 3.3 | 0.99 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.0 ± 0.8 | 31.9 ± 0.8 | 31.4 ± 0.9 | 31.4 ± 1.0 | 0.92 |
M-value (mg·kg-1·min-1) | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 0.67 |
Fecal SCFA (mM) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Acetate (C2) | 40.2 ± 3.1 | 38.8 ± 4.5 | 39.3 ± 4.4 | 39.8 ± 3.9 | 0.88 |
Propionate (C3) | 12.4 ± 1.1 | 13.3 ± 1.4 | 13.0 ± 1.3 | 15.1 ± 1.5 | 0.64 |
Butyrate (C4) | 12.3 ± 1.5 | 12.8 ± 2.4 | 13.6 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 1.7 | 0.98 |
Valerate (C5) | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 0.66 |
Sum SCFA1 Gut microbiota groups (%) | 70.8 ± 5.3 | 69.5 ± 7.8 | 71.6 ± 6.7 | 73.1 ± 6.5 | 0.90 |
Bac303 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.9 | 9.4 ± 3.0 | 0.72 |
Erec482 | 26.1 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 23.2 ± 2.9 | 23.0 ± 2.7 | 0.76 |
Rrec584 | 10.0 ± 2.2 | 10.6 ± 2.4 | 8.6 ± 1.8 | 6.9 ± 1.4 | 0.78 |
Clep866 | 11.4 ± 1.2 | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 14.1 ± 2.0 | 10.7 ± 1.7 | 0.66 |
Ato291 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 0.25 |
Bif164 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.46 |
Prop853 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 9.5 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 0.13 |
Fecal dry mass (%) | 26.0 ± 1.8 | 28.2 ± 2.7 | 26.3 ± 1.8 | 26.4 ± 1.8 | 0.98 |