| (n = 1938) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P 1 |
Dietary phytochemical index | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Range | <20.9 | 20.9-28.3 | 28.4–37.1 | >37.1 |  |
Mean | 17.4 ± 5.6 | 25.4 ± 6.4 | 32.9 ± 8.3 | 42.7 ± 10.7 |  |
Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2763 ± 26 | 2374 ± 24 | 2172 ± 24 | 1822 ± 25 | <0.001 |
Carbohydrate (% of total energy) | 54.7 ± 0.3 | 56.1 ± 0.3 | 58.4 ± 0.3 | 61.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
Fat (% of total energy) | 33.3 ± 0.3 | 32.6 ± 0.3 | 30.8 ± 0.3 | 28.5 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
Protein (% of total energy) | 12.9 ± 0.1 | 13.4 ± 0.1 | 13.7 ± 0.1 | 14.4 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
Total fiber (g/d) | 36.1 ± 0.8 | 36.1 ± 0.7 | 38.3 ± 0.7 | 41.4 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
Total carotenoids (μg/d) | 6330 ± 303 | 9364 ± 267 | 11237 ± 263 | 12774 ± 294 | <0.001 |
Vitamin E (mg/d) | 10.9 ± 0.2 | 12.1 ± 0.2 | 11.7 ± 0.2 | 11.9 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
Vitamin C (mg/d) | 77.3 ± 3.8 | 141 ± 3.4 | 167 ± 3.3 | 195 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
Whole grains (g/d) | 7.5 ± 4.1 | 63.0 ± 3.6 | 120 ± 3.6 | 177 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
Fruits (g/d) | 149 ± 11.8 | 365 ± 10.3 | 437 ± 10.2 | 528 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
Vegetables (g/d) | 207 ± 9.2 | 284 ± 8.1 | 327 ± 8.0 | 358 ± 8.9 | <0.001 |
Legumes (g/d) | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 14.6 ± 0.9 | 17.9 ± 0.9 | 17.7 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
Seeds (g/d) | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
Nuts (g/d) | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 8.7 ± 0.4 | 9.8 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
Olive oil (g/d) | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
Soy sources (g/d) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 0.005 |