Association between dietary phytochemical index and 3-year changes in weight, waist circumference and body adiposity index in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose study

Table 4 The association between dietary intake of phytochemical-rich foods at baseline and 3-year change in waist circumference ¹

		Adjusted waist circumference change
	Whole grains	Vegetables	Fruits	Legumes	Soy	Nuts	Olive and olive oils
Q₁ (reference)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Q₂	−0.57 (−1.15, 1.04)	1.02 (0.02, 2.03)	0.26 (−0.74, 1.28)	0.50 (−0.48, 1.49)	−0.45 (−1.85, 0.95)	0.42 (−1.49, 0.65)	−0.03 (−10.3, 0.96)
Q₃	−0.78 (−1.88, 0.32)	0.17 (−0.87, 1.20)	0.33 (0.68, 1.35)	0.35 (−0.64, 1.34)	−0.03 (−0.92, 0.85)	−0.21 (−1.29, 0.87)	−0.34 (−1.34, 0.65)
Q₄	−1.43 (−2.53, -0.33)	0.66 (−0.46, 1.78)	−0.27 (−1.30, 0.76)	0.54 (−0.45, 1.53)	0.47 (−0.41, 1.34)	−0.51 (−1.58, 0.56)	0.78 (−0.26, 1.81)
P for trend²	0.001	0.27	0.006	0.12	0.33	0.032	0.12

¹Data are β regression and 95% confidence interval were estimated by using multiple regression models with adjustment for sex, age at baseline (y, continuous), BMI (kg/m², continuous), education (4 categories), smoking (yes or no), physical activity (MET-h/wk, continuous), total energy intake (kcal/d), dietary carbohydrate (% of energy), fat (% of energy) and protein (% of energy).
²A linear trend test was performed by considering each ordinal score variable as a continuous variable in the model.

ISSN: 1743-7075