Skip to main content

Table 5 Population attributable risk (PAR) and population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) for high serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) for persons with serum creatinine < 130 μmol/L in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 1999-20041

From: Population prevalence, attributable risk, and attributable risk percentage for high methylmalonic acid concentrations in the post-folic acid fortification period in the US

Characteristic

Cases2

PAR3

PAR%4

Race-ethnicity5

   

   Non-Hispanic white (n = 7995)

297

0.783

29.0

   Non non-Hispanic white (n = 10243)6, 7

180

--

--

Age5

   

   < 60 y (n = 14090)6

188

--

--

   60 y (n = 4148)

289

0.950

35.2

Supplement use8, 9

   

   Yes (n = 7506)6

192

--

--

   No (n = 10732)

285

0.444

16.4

Serum vitamin B-128, 10

   

   < 148 pmol/L (n = 343)

105

0.485

18.0

   148 pmol/L (n = 17895)6

372

--

--

  1. 1n = 18238; NHANES 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004 were combined into one analytic data set, 1999-2004. NHANESs, 1999-2004 were conducted after the folic acid fortification commenced. PAR and PAR% for sex were not presented because sex variable was not significantly related to high serum MMA in the logistic regression model (P = 0.98)
  2. 2Number of cases with serum MMA > 350 nmol/L
  3. 3Incidence of a condition/disease in the population due to the presence of risk factor or incidence of a condition/disease in the population that would be reduced if risk factor was removed. PAR was calculated based on weighted sample size. PAR = (Incidence of high MMATotal sample × 100) - (Incidence of high serum MMAReferent group × 100). Incidence of high serum MMATotal sample = Cases of high serum MMATotal sample/Sample sizeTotal. Incidence of high serum MMAReferent group = Cases of high serum MMAReferent group/Sample sizeReferent group.
  4. 4Percent of incidence of a condition/disease in the population due to presence of risk factor or percent of incidence of a condition/disease in the population that would be reduced if risk factor was removed. PAR% was calculated based on weighted sample size. PAR% = (Incidence of high serum MMATotal sample - Incidence of high serum MMAReferent group ÷ Incidence of high serum MMATotal sample) x100
  5. 5Non-modifiable risk factor for high serum MMA
  6. 6Referent group
  7. 7In order to achieve a dichotomous variable for race-ethnicity, non-Hispanic black and Mexican American/Hispanic were combined into one category, non-non-Hispanic white.
  8. 8Modifiable risk factor for high serum MMA
  9. 9Persons who took vitamin/mineral supplements 1 month prior to the survey
  10. 10Vitamin B-12 deficiency was defined as having serum vitamin B-12 < 148 pmol/L
Back to article page

Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

Contact us