Table 2 Body weight, mass of liver and kidneys, serum aminotransferase activity and urea concentration, and basic caecal indices of rats consuming control (C) and inulin (IN) diets without or with the addition of grapefruit flavonoid extract (GFE)

C

IN

C + GFE

IN + GFE

IN

GFE

IN × GFE

Final body weight (g)

257

259

265

265

2.762

NS

NS

NS

Liver

   Mass*

4.44

4.70

4.56

4.58

0.043

NS

NS

NS

   ALT (U/l serum)

35.0

36.1

36.3

38.5

1.493

NS

NS

NS

   AST (U/l serum)

128

126

127

119

5.123

NS

NS

NS

Kidneys

   Mass*

0.690

0.697

0.683

0.692

0.008

NS

NS

NS

   Urea (mg/dl serum)

51.5

49.1

49.0

48.4

1.366

NS

NS

NS

Caecum

   Tissue mass*

0.297

0.327

0.505

0.544

0.022

NS

< 0.001

NS

   Digesta mass*

0.895^c

1.106^c

2.791^a

2.242^b

0.159

NS

< 0.001

< 0.05

   Dry matter of digesta (%)

28.0

27.4

18.4

19.7

0.903

NS

< 0.001

NS

   Ammonia (mg/g digesta)

0.457

0.400

0.301

0.272

0.018

NS

< 0.001

NS

   Protein (mg/g digesta)

0.208

0.214

0.174

0.183

0.004

NS

< 0.001

NS

   pH of digesta

7.01^b

6.65^c

7.15^a

7.09^ab

0.040

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001