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Interventions involving folate cycle metabolites
| | | |
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Bertoglio et al. 2010 [64]
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Methyl-cobalamin
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64.5 μg/kg methyl-cobalamin or placebo injected every third day 6 wks washout period).
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32+ cases started the trial of which 30 finished.
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Overall, no significant difference in GSH, GSH: GSSG or behaviouraloutcomes. ↑ GSH, ↑GSH:GSSG and improved behavioural outcomes in 9/30 children.
|
Primary outcome behavioural response. Findings for GSH and tGSH:GSSG presented as bar charts for responder group only. Dispersion and units not provided.
|
|
James et al. 2009 [48]
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Folinic acid + methyl-cobalamin
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400 μg folinic acid bd + 75 μg/kg methyl-cobalamin injected every third day 3 mo.
|
48 cases selected for low SAM:SAH or GSH: GSSG.
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↑ homocysteine, ↑ cystathione ↑ cysteine, ↑ tGSH & ↑tGSH: GSSG.
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Excluded 26% of cases because normal SAM: SAH and/or tGSH: GSSG. Following the intervention, tGSH:GSSG was still significantly lower in cases than controls. There was no change in SAM or SAH levels.
|
|
James et al. 2004 [46]
|
Folinic acid + betaine
|
800 μg folinic acid + 1,000 μg betaine bd 3 mo.
|
8 cases
|
↑ homocysteine, ↑ cystathione ↑ cysteine, ↑ tGSH, ↑tGSH: GSSG, ↓SAH & ↓adenosine
|
Improved but did not normalise tGSH and GSSH.
|
| |
Folinic acid + betaine +
|
As above + 75 μg/kg methyl-
|
8 cases
|
↑ homocysteine,
|
Normalised tGSH & tGSH:
|
| |
methyl-cobalamin
|
cobalamin injected twice weekly 1 mo.
| |
↑cystathionine, ↑cysteine, ↑ tGSH, ↑tGSH: GSSG, ↓GSSG
|
GSSG. Improved but did not normalise GSSG.
|
|
Moretti et al. 2005 [54]
|
Folinic acid
|
0.5 mg/kg/d folinic acid for 2 wk, 1.0 mg/kg/d thereafter 3 mo.
|
1 case
|
Normalised (↓) cerebral spinal fluid homocysteine.
| |
|
Other interventions
| | | | |
|
Adams et al. 2009 [65, 67]
|
Chelation therapy
|
Glutathione (180 mg) or placebo cream daily for 7 days followed by 10 mg/kg DMSA in 3 doses/day for 3 days to screen for high urinary
|
64 cases
|
Significantly ↓ variance in erythrocyte glutathione levels 1-2 months after one round of DMSA treatment.
|
Topical glutathione had no effect on erythrocyte glutathione. Behavioural instruments not validated
|
| | |
excretion of metal ions. 'High
|
26 DMSA
|
No data provided for
|
for measurement of autism
|
| | |
excreters' from the topical
|
15 placebo
|
post intervention gluta-
|
severity. ADOS(diagnostic
|
| | |
glutathione arm given a further
| |
thione.
|
test) administered pre and
|
| | |
6 rounds of DMSA and those
| | |
post second intervention,
|
| | |
from the topical placebo arm
| | |
but not at baseline.
|
| | |
given 6 rounds of a placebo.
| | | |
|
Rossignol et al. 2007 [49]
|
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)
|
1.3 atm (n = 12) or 1.5 atm (n = 6) for 45 mins × 40 sessions (ie 4.6 times/wk × 9 wk)
|
18 cases
|
No significant difference in plasma tGSH:GSSG before or after either intervention.
| |
