Table 3 Free amino acids concentrations (nmol/mL) in plasma of newborn piglets from the Control group and the groups being under prenatal influence of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG Group), β -hydroxy- β -methylbutyrate (HMB Group) or alpha-ketoglutarate and β -hydroxy- β -methylbutyrate (AH Group)

Cysteic acid

11 ± 0.3

14 ± 1

13 ± 1

12 ± 1

Taurine

207 ± 11

195 ± 17

174 ± 18

202 ± 26

Aspartate

23 ± 1 ^a

34 ± 3 ^b

28 ± 2 ^ab

34 ± 2 ^b

Threonine

213 ± 23 ^a

159 ± 15 ^a

158 ± 10 ^a

322 ± 26 ^b

Serine

210 ± 4 ^a

312 ± 23 ^b

236 ± 16 ^a

426 ± 20 ^c

Glutamate

126 ± 14

136 ± 20

99 ± 12

141 ± 15

Glutamine

217 ± 11 ^a

307 ± 20 ^b

286 ± 33 ^b

479 ± 21 ^c

Proline

198 ± 25 ^a

416 ± 35 ^b

169 ± 18 ^a

1045 ± 72 ^c

Glycine

870 ± 37 ^a

1420 ± 101 ^b

1127 ± 74 ^c

1474 ± 84 ^b

Alanine

1098 ± 62 ^a

1816 ± 153 ^b

1138 ± 55 ^a

1371 ± 82 ^a

Citrulline

68 ± 3 ^a

76 ± 5 ^a

83 ± 6 ^a

148 ± 9 ^b

Valine

266 ± 11 ^a

341 ± 23 ^b

328 ± 19 ^b

518 ± 24 ^c

Cystine

47 ± 3 ^a

58 ± 5 ^ab

27 ± 3 ^c

65 ± 4 ^b

Methionine

15 ± 2 ^a

26 ± 2 ^a

19 ± 3 ^a

85 ± 10 ^b

Isoleucine

27 ± 4 ^a

33 ± 4 ^a

19 ± 2 ^a

110 ± 8 ^b

Leucine

83 ± 10 ^a

96 ± 8 ^a

95 ± 6 ^a

340 ± 17 ^b

Tyrosine

71 ± 6 ^a

67 ± 5 ^a

108 ± 7 ^b

236 ± 19 ^c

Phenylalanine

44 ± 5 ^a

58 ± 4 ^a

48 ± 4 ^a

157 ± 11 ^b

Tryptophan

37 ± 12

17 ± 5

17 ± 8

21 ± 2

Ornithine

71 ± 4 ^a

104 ± 8 ^b

83 ± 11 ^ab

153 ± 14 ^c

Lysine

268 ± 12 ^a

394 ± 25 ^b

280 ± 24 ^a

655 ± 30 ^c

Histidine

24 ± 5 ^a

31 ± 3 ^a

42 ± 3 ^a

142 ± 11 ^b

Arginine

81 ± 5 ^a

121 ± 12 ^b

105 ± 7 ^ab

235 ± 21 ^c