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Table 1 Age, anthropometry, body composition, and biochemical variables of the women that participated in the study 1

From: Zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C status are associated with leptin concentrations and obesity in Mexican women: results from a cross-sectional study

Variables

Normal weight (BMI ≤ 25Kg/m2)

Overweight (BMI > 25Kg/m2)

Obese

(BMI > 30Kg/m2)

Overall

Age, years

114

33.9 ± 6.8 a

211

38.2 ± 7.5 b

255

37.1 ± 7.6 b

580

37.0 ± 7.6

Anthropometry

        

Body Mass Index, Kg/m2

114

22.9 ± 2.0 a

211

27.5 ± 1.4 b

255

34.5 ± 4.1 c

580

29.7 ± 5.5

Waist circumference, cm

114

76.6 ± 5.2 a

211

86.3 ± 4.9 b

255

99.9 ± 9.0 c

580

90.4 ± 11.5

Hip circumference, cm

114

93.4 ± 5.1 a

211

99.5 ± 5.0 b

255

112.8 ± 10.9 c

580

104.2 ± 11.4

Waist to hip ratio

114

0.8 ± 0.1 a

211

0.9 ± 0.1 b

255

0.9 ± 0.1 c

580

0.9 ± 0.1

Waist to height ratio

114

0.5 ± 0.4 a

211

0.6 ± 0.3 b

255

0.7 ± 0.6 c

580

59.7 ± 8.0

Body composition

        

Body fat, Kg

114

17.6 ± 3.0 a

210

22.9 ± 3.0 b

252

32.2 ± 6.3 c

576

25.9 ± 7.5

Fat free mass, Kg

114

33.7 ± 2.9 a

210

37.3 ± 3.3 b

252

43.7 ± 4.8 c

576

39.4 ± 5.6

Body fat, %

114

33.1 ± 3.6 a

210

36.9 ± 3.1 b

252

41.1 ± 3.6 c

576

38.0 ± 4.6

Abdominal Fat, Kg

114

1.1 ± 0.3 a

210

1.6 ± 0.3 b

253

2.3 ± 0.6 c

577

1.8 ± 0.7

Abdominal Fat, %

114

36.9 ± 5.1 a

210

43.0 ± 3.8 b

253

47.2 ± 4.1 c

577

43.6 ± 5.7

Laboratory Analyses

        

Glucose, mg/dL*

114

81.5 ± 10.0 a

211

87.7 ± 29.0 b

253

92.4 ± 30.2 b

578

88.5 ± 27.2

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

114

153.2 ± 33.6 a

211

168.6 ± 40.8 b

252

168.4 ± 41.6 b

577

165.5 ± 40.2

Low density cholesterol, mg/dL

113

77.2 ± 31.4 a

204

87.9 ± 41.1 b

246

92.2 ± 43.6 b

563

87.6 ± 40.8

High density cholesterol, mg/dL

114

52.5 ± 12.2 a

211

47.9 ± 13.5 b

253

45.2 ± 11.0 c

578

47.6 ± 12.5

Triglycerides, mg/dL

114

121.2 ± 73.6 a

211

175.8 ± 124.9 b

253

166.0 ± 87.6 b

578

160.8 ± 102.5

Leptin, ng/mL *

113

16.1 ± 9.6 a

210

25.8 ± 11.1 b

254

44.7 ± 18.4 c

577

32.2 ± 18.6

  1. 1 Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD). To convert total cholesterol, low density cholesterol, and high density cholesterol to SI units (mmol/L) multiply by 0.0259. To convert triglycerides to the international system (SI) units (mmol/L) multiply by 0.0113.
  2. a b c Different letters represent statistical significant differences in Posthoc Least Squared Difference (LSD) (p < 0.05).
  3. * Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with log-transformed data to achieve assumptions.