Synergistic effects of leucine and resveratrol on insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism in adipocytes and mice

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 2 Effects of resveratrol, leucine and HMB on indices of insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

	Control	Low Resveratrol¹	High Resveratrol²	Low HMB³	Low Resv/ Low HMB	Low Resv/ High HMB⁴	Low Resv/Leucine⁵	P value
Glucose (mM)	4.97 ± 0.60	5.14 ± 0.85	5.14 ± 0.75	4.28 ± 0.49	4.67 ± 0.49	4.33 ± 0.41	5.05 ± 0.92	NS
Insulin (μU/mL)	12.5 ± 3.4^a	10.4 ± 1.6^a	10.1 ± 2.7^a	8.3 ± 1.1^a	5.8 ± 0.7^b	3.9 ± 1.2^b	5.5 ± 1.4^b	P < 0.005
HOMA _IR	2.61 ± 0.82^a	2.41 ± 0.66^a	0.59 ± 0.26^b	1.93 ± 0.32^a	1.18 ± 0.25^c	0.87 ± 0.31^b	1.14 ± 0.37^c	P < 0.01
Muscle Glucose Uptake ( ¹⁸ FDG SUV)	3.64 ± 0.88^a	3.63 ± 1.29^a	3.87 ± 0.32^a	2.99 ± 0.42^a	5.90 ± 0.41^b	5.93 ± 1.63^b	5.68 ± 0.75^b	P < 0.02

Mice were fed a high fat-diet with indicated treatments for 6 weeks. Muscle glucose uptake was determined via PET/CT. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA_IR) was used as a screening index of changes in insulin sensitivity and was calculated via standard formula from fasting plasma insulin and glucose (HOMA_IR = [Insulin (uU/mL) X glucose (mM)]/22.5). Data are presented as means ± SE (n = 5 to 10). Non-matching letter superscripts in each row denote significant differences at the indicated p value.
¹Low resveratrol: 12.5 mg resveratrol/kg diet.
²High resveratrol: 225 mg resveratrol/kg diet.
³Low HMB: 2 g hyroxymethylbutyrate (calcium salt).
⁴High HMB: 10 g hyroxymethylbutyrate (calcium salt).
⁵Leucine: 24 g leucine/kg diet.

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