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Table 4 BMI, waist, and fat area according to dietary glycemic index and energy-adjusted dietary glycemic load 1

From: Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to HbA1c in Japanese obese adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Saku Control Obesity Program

Dietary variables

n

BMI kg/m2

P for trend*

Waist circumference cm

P for trend*

Visceral fat area cm2

P for trend*

Subcutaneous fat area cm2

P for trend*

Quartile of glycemic index2

Q1 [60]

57

30.0 (28.3, 31.7)

0.378

101 (97, 106)

0.281

176 (149, 203)

0.966

219 (168, 270)

0.257

Q2 [65]

57

29.6 (27.9, 31.4)

100 (95, 105)

174 (146, 202)

195 (143, 248)

Q3 [68]

57

29.7 (28.0, 31.4)

101 (96, 105)

172 (145, 200)

220 (169, 272)

Q4 [71]

56

29.4 (27.8, 31.1)

99 (95, 104)

177 (151, 202)

191 (143, 239)

Quartile of glycemic load 2

Q1 [58]

57

29.8 (28.0, 31.5)

0.924

101 (96, 105)

0.754

173 (145, 200)

0.477

213 (161, 266)

0.590

Q2 [75]

57

29.1 (27.4, 30.8)

99 (94, 103)

169 (142, 197)

197 (145, 248)

Q3 [86]

57

29.4 (27.7, 31.2)

99 (95, 104)

176 (149, 203)

204 (152, 256)

Q4 [100]

56

29.8 (28.2, 31.4)

100 (96, 105)

179 (153, 204)

203 (155, 251)

  1. 1 Adjusted mean levels and 95% CI in parentheses. Glycemic load was defined as an indicator of blood glucose induced by an individual’s total available carbohydrate.
  2. 2 Median value for each quartile in brackets. *A multiple linear regression model was used to adjust for potential confounding factors including age, sex, total energy intake, and physical activity level.