Dietary protein in weight management: a review proposing protein spread and change theories

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 4 Protein change theory studies showing no > anthropometric benefits of increased protein versus control

Study	LP Base Intake (g/kg/day)	LP Study Intake (g/kg/day)	HP Base Intake (g/kg/day)	HP Study Intake (g/kg/day)	LP Change (%)	HP Change (%)
Ballesteros-Pamar, 2009[45]	1.32	0.86	1.24	1.16	−34.8	−6.5
*De Souza, 2012*[48]	*0.97*	*0.79*	*0.92*	*0.88*	*−18.6*	*−4.3*
Gilbert, 2011[49]	0.94	0.79	1.08	0.94	−16	−13
*Larsen, 2011*[52]	*1.16*	*0.79*	*1.2*	*1.13*	*−31.9*	*−5.8*
*Magrans-Courtney, 2011*[55]	*0.92*	*0.89*	*0.81*	*1.07*	*−3.3*	*32.1* ¹
Rizkalla, 2012[56]	0.89	0.77	0.84	1.1	−13.5	31
*Sacks, 2009*[57]	*0.97*	*0.79*	*0.93*	*0.9*	*−18.6*	*−3.2*
Sukumar, 2011[59]	0.85	0.73	0.9	0.98	−14.1	8.9
Average					−17.6	4.9
Average: RDA only					−18.9	−0.1
Average: Urinary Biomarker only					−17.3	5.5

Bold = studies meeting RDA inclusion criteria; Italics = studies with urinary biomarker verification of protein intakes.
1 See discussion for explanation of the limitations of this data set.
Only weight loss studies reporting baseline protein intake. The higher protein groups in all of these studies experienced no greater anthropometric benefits than the respective control groups during the intervention.

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